198 



GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 



[part :v. 



caverns in many parts of Europe, and several extinct species 

 have been found in Tertiary deposits in Europe, North India, 

 and South America. Two species have been found so far back 

 as the Eocene of France, but the fragments discovered are not 

 sufficient to determine tlie characters with any certainty. In 

 North America, several species of Ca7iis occur in the Pliocene of 

 Nebraslva and La Plata. The genus Galecynus, of the Pliocene 

 of (Eninghen, and Palccocyon, of the Brazilian caves, are sup- 

 posed to belong to the Canida3. Afn^yJiicyon abounded in the 

 Miocene period, both in Europe and North America ; and some 

 of the species were as large as a tiger. Other extinct genera 

 are, Cynodictis, Cyotherium, and Gcdethylax, from the Eocene 

 of France; Pseudocyon, Simocyon, and Hemieyon, from the 

 Miocene ; but all these show transition characters to Viverridse 

 or Ursidse, and do not perhaps belong to the present family. 



Family 29.— MUSTELID^. (21-28 Genera, 92 Species.) 



General Distribution. 



Nfotropical Nearctic 

 Si;b-begions. Sub-regions. 



Pal,«arctic 

 Sub-regions. 



1 .2.3 



1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4 



Ethiopian 

 Sub-regions. 



1 .2.3 — 



Oriental Australian 

 SuB-REoioNS. Sub-regions. 



1.2.3.4 



The Mustelid?e constitute one of those groups which range 

 over the whole of the great continental areas. They may be 

 divided into three sub-families — one, the Mustelinae, containing 

 the weasels, gluttons, and allied forms ; a second, the Lutrinae, 

 containing the otters; and a third, often considered a distinct 

 family, the Meliuinpe, containing the badgers, ratels, skunks, 

 and their allies. 



In the first group (Mustelinae) the genera Martes and 

 Putorius (13 species), range over all the Pala^arctic region, and a 

 considerable part of the Oriental, extending through India to 

 Ceylon, and to Java and Borneo. Two species of Martes 

 {=Mustela of Baird) occur in the United States. The weasels, 

 forming the genus Mustcia (20 species), have a still wider range, 

 extending into tropical Africa and the Cordilleras of Peru, but 



