CHAP. XIX.] 



REPTILES. 



386 



the Nearctic is actually richer than the Neotropical region both 

 iu genera and species. This would point to the conclusion, that 

 the group originated in the Indo-Cliinese sub-region and spread 

 thence north-east to North America, and so onward to Soutli 

 America, which, having been the last to receive the group, has not 

 had time to develop it largely, notwithstanding its extreme 

 adaptability to Eeptilian life. The genera are divided among 

 the several regions as follows : — 



Crasjmlocephalus (7 sp.). Tropical America and the West In- 

 dian Islands; Cenchris,Crotalo2)horus, Uropso^plwrus, q\\& Crotalus, 

 inhabiting North America from Canada and British Columbia 

 to Texas, one species {Crotakis liorridus) extending into Soutli 

 America; Trimeresurus (16 sp.), all India from Ceylon to Assam, 

 Formosa, the Philippines and Celebes; Feltopelor and Hypnah 

 (1 sp. each), peculiar to India ; Callosclctsma (1 sp.), Siam ; 

 Atropos (1 sp.), Java and Borneo ; Hahjfi (-^ sp.), peculiar to 

 Tartary, Thibet, Japan, North Cliina, and Formosa. 



Family 25.— VIPEKIDiE. (:"5 Genera, 22 Species.) 



General Distribution. 



Nkotropical I Neabctic 



bUB-UEaiONfl. SUB-REOIOMS. 



Pal.barctic 

 sub-kkgions. 



Ethiopian 



SUB-IiEGlONS. 



Orikntal 

 sub-beqions. 



Australian' 

 sub-beqiojjs. 



— 1 .2 . 3 . 4 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 1 . 2. 3.4 



The Viperidffi, or True Vipers, are especially cliaracteristic of 

 the Paltearctic and Ethiopian regions, only one species being 

 found over a large part of the Oriental region, and another 

 reaching Central India. They are especially abundant in Africa, 

 and the Palsearctic confines in South-western Asia. The 

 common Viper ranges across the whole Paliearctic region from 

 Portugal to Saghalien Island, reaching to 67° North Latitude, in 

 Scandinavia, and to 58° in Central Siberia. The genera, accord- 

 ing to Dr. Strauch's synopsis, are distributed as follows : — 



ViiKva (17 sp.), which has the range of the family, extending 

 over the whole of the Palsearctic and Ethiopian regions, except 

 ^Madagascar, and as far as Ceylon, Siam, and Java, in the Oriental 



VOL. n. c c 



