5.2 REPORT — 1864. 



The teim Penarth, to which no such objections would apply, is, besides, particu- 

 larly appropriate, inasmuch as the beds in question are clearly exposed in the sea- 

 clifls of that and the adjacent headlands in a southerly direction, where (as well as 

 in the railway-cuttings in connexion with the large and important docks now in 

 course of construction) they are seen to attain a thickness of nearly 100 feet, rest- 

 ing upon the red marls of the Keuper, and capped by the lower lias, in which the 

 fossils are altogether diffei-ent. 



Remarhs on two outliers of Lias in South Warwickshire, and on the presence 

 of the Rhcetic Bone-heel at Knoivle, its furthest northern extension hitherto 

 recognized in that County. By the Rev. P. B. Bkodie, M.A., F.G.S. 

 The Liassic outlier at luiowle was first described, and was shown to be of limited 

 extent, and to consist of limestones and shales belonging to the zone of Ammonites 

 planorhis, and equivalent to the Saurian beds, as seen at Brockeridge Common, near 

 Tewkesbury. Lower beds, however, crop out near the canal, where dark laminated 

 shales may be observed resting upon the Red Marl, and amongst them fi'agments of 

 a yellow micaceous sandstone containing Pidlastra arenicola, a shell which always 

 occiu'S low down in the series, in close connexion with the bone-bed, and seems to 

 have a very limited range. The section is very obscm-e, so that it was impossible 

 to say whether any true bone-bed actually existed in situ ; but the position of the 

 dark shales, and the presence of a band of sandstone always associated with it, marks 

 the existence of the Rhietic series at this spot, and not hitherto observed there. 

 The larger outlier at Wootton Park was described, where similar beds may be traced, 

 from the Pecten-valoniensis bed up to the Lima beds, with the usual characteristic 

 fossils, including Estheria and Kaiadita in the Estheria bed. Elsewhere insect 

 limestone was observed unusually rich in wings and elytra of insects. This outlier 

 is traversed by a line of fault running from N.W. to S.E. These two remnants of 

 the Lias are the extreme limit of that foi-mation in Warwickshire in a noi"therly 

 direction, and no trace of it appears again nearer than the outlier in North Staflbrd- 

 shire, where Mr. Howell, of the Geological Survey, detected the yellow sandstone 

 and black Rhretic shales above referred to, which seems to be their extreme 

 northern limit. 



On the Formation and Condition of the Ice in certain Ice Caves of the Jura, 

 Vosyian Jura, Dauphine, and Savoy. By the Rev. C. F. Browxe. 



On the Connexion between the Cray Formations and the recent North Pacijie 

 Faunas. By Philip P. Carpextee, B.A., Ph.D. 



The object of this paper was to draw the attention of geologists to the evidence 

 of ancient British species now living in the North Pacific. Many of these are sub- 

 boreal, and may have travelled through Behring's Straits. Others belong to a 

 warmer type, and seem to indicate a previous connexion between the two oceans 

 through the Asiatic continent. Others have died out in the Atlantic, but reappear 

 in Vancouver and California. The list of species will be found in Reports, 1863, 

 pp. 682, 683. 



On the Geological Formation of the District around Kingswood Hill, with espe- 

 cial reference to the supposed develop>ment of Millstone Grit in that neigh- 

 bourhood. By Handel Cossham. 



On the Cause of the Extrication of Carbonic Acid from the Intenor of the 

 Earth, and on its Chemical Action upon the Constituents of Felspathic 

 Rocks. By'DT.'DAVBBy^,F.R.S., F.G.S. 



The author made some comments upon a theoiy advanced by Prof Bischoff", of 

 Bonn, in his work entitled " Elements of Chemical and Physical Geology," in 

 which the elevation and dislocation of certain rocks were attributed to the decom- 

 position of felspar, through the agency of the carbonic acid disengaged from the 



