92 REPORT — 1864. 



The paper eoucluded with a comparison of the various proportions of the 

 cranium with those of the intertrojjical negro, Australian, and Tasmanian races, 

 and it was thence concluded that, of these tliree types, it most nearly corresponded 

 with the Tasmanian, and with certain tribes of Western Australia, which are 

 usually distinguished by the gi-eat comparative lowness of the skull, which was 

 considerably less than the breadth. 



Contributions to the Anatomy of the Quadrumana, tvith a Comparative Esti- 

 mate of the Intelligence of the Apes and Monlceys. By Edwajids Ckisp, 

 M.D. 



This paper was illustrated by a large number of drawings and preparations, the 

 object being to show the diflerence between the structure of Man and the Qua- 

 drumana. The tympanic bones of Man, the Gorilla, the Chimpanzee, and Orang 

 were exhibited. The bones of a large Orang, brought from Borneo by the late Sir 

 Stamford RatHes, the height of the animal being about four feet, whilst the 

 expanse of the arms from tip to tip of the longest finger was seven feet eleven 

 inches ; the very thick pad at the flexures of the fingers and toes in this old 

 animal was also pointed out, as was the twisted form of the gall-bladder in the 

 Chimpanzee and Orang. The more rounded form of the eyelids, the absence of 

 the pearly white of the eye, the gTeat length of the spinous processes of the 

 cervical vertebra}, especiall}- in the Gorilla, the length of the intestinal tube in a 

 gi-eat many species of apes and monkeys, the character of the intestinal glands, 

 the relative weight of the brain and of the eye, the form of the larynx, and the 

 number of rings in the trachea, and many other characters were alluded to. A com- 

 parison was {ilso made between the diseases of man and of the quadrumanous 

 animals, the author drawing his deductions from an examination of ten anthropoid 

 apes, and 210 monkeys of various species that died in confinement in this country. 

 In many respects it was inferred that the character of disease differed materially 

 in these brutes fi-om that obsened in the human family. The presence of an 

 OS penis both in the Chimpanzee and Orang (not mentioned at the Meeting), 

 discovered by the author, is considered a great mark of inferiority as regards 

 position in the animal scale. As regards the intelligence of the anthropoid 

 apes, the author thought that it was inferior to that of many of the lower 

 monkeys, and in many respects to that of the dog and the elephant. The 

 conclusions were as follows : — 1. That tlie anthropoid apes, both anatomically and 

 in reference to their amount of intelliofence, are not entitled to the elevated 

 position in which they have been placed Iby some anatomists. 2. That the line of 

 demarcation between man and these brutes is so wide and clearly defined as to 

 entitle the human family, as maintained by Blumenbach, Cuvier, and others, to a 

 separate and exclusive division in the animal scale. 



On the Anatomy of the Struthionidtc, Ostriches, Rlieas, and Casuaries. 

 By Edwaeds Crisp, M.D. 



In this group of birds the author pointed out, from his own dissections of the 

 Ostrich (Struthio camelus), Rhea Americana, II. Dartcinii, the Casuaiy (^S. 

 casuarius), the Emu (C. f/ahatus), the Moruk (C. Benncftii), and the Double- 

 wattled Casuary (C. bicarunculafxs), the great and important difterences in the 

 visceral anatomy of these birds, more especially as regards the length of the 

 alimentary canal, the character of the gizzard, the CECcal appendages, and the 

 intestinal mucous apparatus. Thus, in the adult Ostrich, the intestinal tube, 

 including the appendages, measured 70 feet 6 inches ; that of the JRhea Atnericana, 

 15 feet 11 inches ; of the Casuary, 14 feet 8 inches ; of the Emu, 13 feet 4 inches ; 

 of the Moruk, G feet 7 inches ; of the Double-wattled Casuary, 8 feet, — the length, 

 as in nearly all animals, depending somewliat upon the age of the bird. The Ostrich 

 had a very thick and heavy gizzard, that of the Rhea was much smaller, whilst 

 the gizzards of the other members of this group were comparatively thin. 



A paper was appended fi-om Mr. Bartlett, of the Regent s Park Gardens, showing 

 that the Ostrich and Rhea had yellow or yellowish-white eggs, whereas the 

 Casuary, Emu, and Moruk had green eggs. The feathers of the Ostrich and 



