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198 REPORT—1863. 
maud, to prevent the occurrence of diarrhcea. The chapattees are cooked 
in oyens sunk in the ground; 5 parts of barley may be added to 35 of 
wheat. Ghee is given, instead of oil, to prisoners sentenced to more than six 
months’ imprisonment ; and vegetables are given twice a week. The pri- 
soners are better fed than free labourers. The jail manual contains some 
valuable directions. (Diet No. 22.) 
86. Dr. J. L. Srewarr, Bijnour, gives a lengthened and interesting account 
of the locality, and of the various foods in use. The consumption of wheat, 
pulse, &c. is much greater in spring and summer, when they are abundant 
and cheap. Of all cereals, wheat and rice are in the highest repute, and are 
the staple food. It is to be regretted that, with so much information, the 
daily dietary and quantity of food is not given. It is only stated that with 
20 or 24 ozs. of bread or rice, with pulse, the Hindoo will eat 3 to 4 ozs. of 
flesh ; also, that the average daily food is 20 to 24 ozs. of the cereals and 
4ozs. of pulse. The average weight of prisoners is, Hindoos 100 lbs., Mus- 
sulmen 96 lbs. 
87. Dr. C. O. Dantetz, Hoshyarpore, gives a list of numerous foods in 
use; their local,-English, and scientific names; the extent of their cultivation 
and mode of preparation, and, in some instances, the amount of them which 
is eaten daily. There is not, however, a daily dietary given. 
88. Dr. C. N. Bosz, Thung, states that wheat and other grains are made 
into thick cakes. The bread is eaten with dal and sag, with vegetables and 
condiments. Meat is eaten only very occasionally, or when a diseased 
animal is killed. They drink water or buttermilk. There are two meals 
daily, viz. at 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. in the hot, and 9 a.m. and 8 p.m. in the cold 
season, and they consist of about 40 ozs. of food. The people are generally 
healthy, but liable to diarrhea from the use of fruits and coarsely ground 
grains. The industrial classes obtain more animal food, and take from 24 to 
32 ozs. of food daily. The jail dietary varies with sex, labour, and day of 
the week, and consists of attah 20 ozs., dal 2 ozs., salt 674 grains, and chillies 
37 grains, daily, with 8 ozs. of vegetables and 4 tollah of oil weekly, besides 
2 ozs. of parched grain given to the labouring prisoners. Women have the 
diet of the non-labouring class. The food is not prejudicial to health. 
(Diet No. 22 nearly.) 
89. Dr. C. F. Orpnam, Googaira, states that the inhabitants are Mussul- 
men, and consist of the pastoral tribes, who wander about and live in reed huts 
in the jungle, and also of the agricultural and trading classes. Milk, fresh or 
curdled or as buttermilk, is the most important food of the pastoral tribes ; 
and when they can, they obtain attah, with ghee. They say, “ A man may 
live without bread; but without buttermilk he dies.” They do not cultivate 
vegetables, but eat them when they get them. Curries are not common, and 
chillies are not much used. The daily quantity of food is, milk or butter- 
milk 4 to 6 Ibs., attah 12 to 16 ozs., and ghee 2 to 4 ozs.; dal is seldom used, 
and beef and mutton only occasionally; sugar or molasses is mixed with 
milk; alcohol is seldom, and opium never, used. Among the industrial tribes 
milk is still used to the extent of 2 lbs., attah from 16 to 22 ozs., and 2 to 4 
ozs. of ghee. Vegetables are eaten in large quantities, and chillies daily ; dal is 
seldom used ; spirits and tobacco are largely consumed, and opium is taken 
chiefly in towns. Another class, Chhwra, do the dirty work of the commu- 
nity; they eat much milk and attah, besides the flesh of snakes, lizards, and 
reptiles, wolves, jackals, horses, and cattle, which have died naturally. They 
cut the flesh into strips, and dry it in the sun when not required for use. 
The pastoral tribes are one of the finest races in India, tall, straight, muscular, 
