ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 623 
108. In 1860, previously to the commencement of the Californian Geo- 
logical Survey, Dr. J. G. Cooper joined a military expedition across the Rocky 
Mountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded 
his notes and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of 
Mr. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a ‘Notice of Land and 
Freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Rocky Mountains, &c.,” 
which appears in the ‘Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,’ 1861, pp. 362 et seg: 
We have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of 
American land-shells, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated 
facts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol- 
lowing is an outline of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious 
notes on the station and distribution of species :— 
No. 
1. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. “ Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from 
2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small 
var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in 
Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the 
species,” J. G. C.; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland. 
2. Helix Mudlani, n.s., Bland. “ Under logs and in dry pine-woods: dead, Coeur 
d’Aléne Mission: living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains,” J. G. C.; 
St. Joseph’s River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Binney. Closely allied to H. Co- 
lumbiana, Lea,;=labiosa, Gld. A. beautiful hyaline var. was found under a 
stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft. high. 
8. Helix polygyrella, u.s., Bland. “ Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of 
spruce-forests ; common on the Ceeur d’Aléne Mountains, especially eastern 
slope,’ J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- 
nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 
4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea,=H. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nec Say; 
=H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly ; =H. sportella, Gld., probably. “ West side 
of Coeur d’Aléne Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferee, such as it in- 
habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 miles, 
is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. This 
sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northern 
forests in lat. 49°,” J. G.C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb; Oregon 
City, Whidby’s Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacific slope, from 
Puget Sound to San Diego. 
5. Helix strigosa, Gld. “ Aistivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale, 
containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun- 
tains,” J. G. C.; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; Rio Piedra, W. New 
Mexico; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six 
young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body 
of the parent, from the unnatural confinement. ] 
6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. “ East side of Mullan’s Pass, Rocky Mountains, 
W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft.,” J. G. C.; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr. 
V. Hayden; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; west side of Wind River 
Mountains; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties 
towards H. strigosa, Gld. Hayden’s shell from Bridger’s Pass, Nebr., referred 
to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N.S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as HZ. solitaria, var., is 
the young of this species. 
7. Helix solitaria,Say. Both slopes of Coeur d’Aléne Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C. 
Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 
8. Helix arborea, Say. ‘“ Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate 
River, 4500 ft. high,” J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from 
Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex.; also Guadaloupe, 
teste Beau and Férussac, letter to Say, 1820; teste Bland, 
_* Vide “ Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the 
tae saat &c.,” by Thomas Bland, Reprinted from Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. vii. New 
ork, . 
