ON THE LOCAL MANUFACTURE OF LEAD, ETC. 725 
These ores are usually burnt in the ordinary kilns for making sulphuric 
acid; but one manufacturer on the Tyne employs Longmaid’s process for 
making sulphate of soda, in which case the copper is obtained as sulphate. 
The burnt ores are afterwards run down to regulus, either alone or mixed 
with copper ores and slags, which are imported from the Continent. Some of 
the manufacturers only carry their operations up to the point of making a 
regulus with 50 per cent. of copper, while others produce tile-copper. The Lit 
de fusion varies with the character of the ore, and the following mixtures 
are used for the purpose :— 
ewt. ewt. ewt, 
PUBS OFC 25 cctsesn tacuth VTL Bee aanices Ol cata ° 
Burnt ore ......... re es rs AY Onan 7 
Dilieeous’ Ore s..28. a! is. Qe hee 18 
Copper ee Bees ee ge SURNCacess ° 
Ba A257. bicoaaes » PBlesee meskes 3 ° 
Tank waste ...... Op. eae Cee Basak 4 
Fluor spar ......... OF gaan Ona imeeaars I} 
oal OF “Rereaans Ppl ocr Fe ° 
Messrs. Mease and Co. dissolye out the copper with sulphuric acid, and 
precipitate this metal by means of iron. 
The quantity of copper ore raised in the northern counties is very small, 
being only 131 tons per annum, and the imports are given in the following 
Table :— 
Imports of Copper Ore and Slags. 
1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 
IROOM ccdacsans cts 6 730¢ arene: IG WBREA: Ola ruantane CHIE athe 74 
BYOEWHY OS cdoerctsesee” 55S sen cee S): we aceoce: Sapetdeeroe SF hemipecbnce 14 
Denmark ......... ERS. role ea OLAS ouch aed 2 
South America .., Onrte.cck: Tit} Zee D5 Wis <Seeh oy atte or ° 
Belgium ............ role Eeeree yet eo ss es dane oo Boh ° 
Germany _ serene se CME RE Onecare 7) NCES Oe eet I 
Turkey Ge cnwnse Gn eccess Tee eens Oo eracee ° 
The present Saal ‘predieGiGH of copper on the Tyne is about 700 tons. 
ZINC. 
The ores of this metal are not very abundant in this district ; but blende and 
calamine are found in the neighbourhood of Alston. Ores of zinc are im- 
ported from the Isle of Man and Ireland, through the ports on the west 
coast, and from the Rhine and Sweden to the Tyne. Well-arranged 
smelting-works have been erected by Mr. Attwood, who employs a modifica- 
tion of the Belgian process for the reduction of the ores. The annual pro- 
duce of spelter varies from 750 to 800 tons. 
Mr. Hunt gives the following returns of the production of these ores in 
this locality :—Alston, blende, 366 tons; calamine, 135 tons ; sundry mines, 
95 tons: total, 596 tons. 
ANTIMONY. 
The ores of this metal are all imported and smelted by one firm, who 
produce annually about 270 tons. The precess of reduction is that generally 
employed, and we have heard that the sulphur matt is treated with sul- 
phuric acid to obtain green copperas. 
Nicket anp CoBatt. 
The works where these metals were extracted from their ores are Bee at 
present in operation. 
