ON THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON. 751 
Breaking Breaking Break- Force 
weight, weight, Deflec- i Angle required 
Kind of iron. Qual. Sp.gr. tensile trans- tion. weight, tor- for 
test. verse. tor- sion. crush- 
sion. ing. 
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 
Whitehaven—Hematite Foundry...1 7°097 14233 4644 ‘161 3724 7:2 52136 
3. 7214 17751 5105 *120 4182 5°38 82265 
4 7196 17566 6100 ‘152 4977 4°9 82583 
Butterley—Clay ironstone . I 77I4I 23388 =67106 «145 7346 9°3 88488 
2 7°:078 18970 6077 ‘128 6011 7°5 74743 
3 77126 23265 6692 *130 6940 7°5 91663 
Ystalyfera—Clay do, Anthracite...1 7°165 25172 7848 “163 6704 12°2 87457 
2 7157 26758 7944 °196 6176 9°6 90874 
3 7150 24533 7228 ‘166 5719 88 88772 
PEPOVMVDYD sees osiecctec<ceocnetecssccecusse  7°103 26766. 7o47 <rSa ngage. 16% 105202 
Blenavon Cold Blast.............-.5-5I 7°137 25456 7493 ‘171 5034 9° 91897 
3. 7158 23906 7600 "191 5674 102 87358 
Cleveland—Stockton Furnaces...... I 7148 25810 7159 °136 5872 4:2 99526 
2 7135 22271 6932 "134 6305 5:7 87063 
From these figures it would appear that the iron from this northern locality 
stands very well even when contrasted with some of the best brands of the 
kingdom. A large founder at Middlesbro’ states the Cleveland iron to be 
strong in the lower classes, viz. Nos. 3 and 4. A bar 2in. x 1in., with bear- 
ings 3 feet apart, carried 27 to 30 cwt. Under tension, bars having a sec- 
tional area of one centimetre bore 35 ewt. before fracture occurred. In 
melting for the foundry, the same authority states 2 to 23 per cent. to be 
the loss on pig iron obtained from Cleveland stone. 
At the Clarence Works the following experiments were undertaken with 
bars to ascertain the breaking-weights. The bars were 2 in. x 1 in., and sup- 
ported on bearings 3 feet apart :— 
Quality of iron in bar. 
No. 4. Breaking weight. 
Deflection. ewt. qr. lbs. 
BNO! Teniceac: 65 in ee) ee 
es coas 62-5; 28) 2 22, 
Baeicccses ‘60° 5; 30 Ol) 27 
4 "56 30.0 22 
Ripe tiane “5Q) G5 27) i222, 
GPs acoaze "00, 29 0 22 
pence “G27. ZO Omrzz 
CISPSREDERE oy ar CIP op ee 
Qeeaey+ ey CO ate 28) 2. 122 
EOterecscys FBS yy Cs YM wet 
Average...... "586 .,, 20) 0.22 
No. ariron Io othera’:609, 5, <<:27-+-e-2 +} Oh 
Atma ELON 53095593 ay) ceeseese--+nnen! MOORE EO eer OI NO. 2) pie 
AIO 5) 2503) 55) | pe-0e-s20> «aca Ce een OLED NOLO Dies 
Mottled. 
Moreh Gi strogal i)y . cahiekiitesay SIMO mee 
OTe See OB Avie. t atuganpe? apn Come eee 
Bircee betas 048 ,, ONG lie We IT? 
4 OAT as 26 2 22 
recto 046 ,, 27 2 22 
Best see 048 ,, 2522 
Average...... IAD ve Mites <axiackises Cee 
Effect of Manganese in the Blast Furnace.-—The experiments of M. Caron 
in ascertaining the effect of manganese on pig iron, which he found sensibly 
