752 REPORT— 1863. 
to reduce the amount of sulphur, led the writer to try the effect of it in the 
Clarence furnaces. The results, in a chemical point of view, are not devoid 
of interest, inasmuch as they afford some indication of the behaviour of this 
metal under the treatment of an iron furnace. The ore itself was poor in 
manganese ; the composition was as follows :— 
Silica... an oe ae “ee ie so 2560 
Peroxide of iron ... 5 = oes $5 S20 1124-36 
Do. manganese ... a ae ae Bs yids) 
Oxide of do. <4 So aed one era ip 
Loss by heat... & ade $5 ae 04 © 5°00 
100°00 
The iron produced gave by analysis for different qualities as follows :— 
No. 1 Pig. No. 2 Pig. No. 3 Pig. 
Carbon... & os ase 4 (2ilAdastes e051 200 Mie | (eee 
Silica... os os ots RISO) ace ta Res ee ene 
Manganese ae Ai? Pe iy ee ke RE be 2G 
Sulphur ... a5 Se ose *2OD icse ese © Mi OZA  Sinee ene 
Phosphorus eee Aa wed S*ATOTLE OY ee eSGovee levee eeOr 
As far as the two last-mentioned elements are concerned, the addition of 
manganese in the furnace does not appear to have effected much change, but 
it is quite possible that the increase of this metal may, when the iron is 
remelted for the founder, remove a portion of the sulphur. M. Caron as- 
certained that this change occurred when manganese was fused with iron 
containing sulphur. Want of opportunity has prevented this examination 
from being pursued. 
The slag was of the following composition while the furnace was working 
with the manganese ore :— 
Silica s.4 ane wns ne ed vee vee 29°25 
Alumina ... te “os ae rae aan «a. | TOE 
Lime ee ts he ae i me ssey BETS 
Magnesia... +O 258 oa a 50 = *60 
Protoxide of iron oo ae ae ies sree od 
Do. manganese i a eat saage (ORT 
Sulphur ... ae eae ee the eae wey Dea 
Oxide of titanium nee as oS er ue "75 
100°06 
By calculation it was ascertained that for 100 parts of metallic manganese 
introduced into the furnace, 
There came out in the iron sie 9°5 
In the slag... ae ie 56 are nee 8776 
Leaying unaccounted for... wee se ii es NOD 
1000 
These figures require a little modification, difficult to define, arising from a 
varying amount of manganese being found both in the iron and in the slag of 
furnaces using Cleveland ironstone alone. 
Use of the Waste Gases—The waste gases are employed for raising steam 
and heating the blast, but on the use of this mode of economizing coal there 
still exists a considerable diversity of opinion. Extra consumption of high- 
priced coke, and irregularity of working in the furnaces themselves, is not in 
every case a commercial equivalent for the inferior small coal saved, and 
labour in firing boilers, &ec., avoided. In the writer’s opinion there is some 
force in the objection; at the same time his own experience, after incurring 
