20 REPORT—1863. 
ceeded in giving a surface of a very durable character and of a brilliant, bronzed 
appearance to iron, plaster, and other objects which it was desirable to protect with 
this substance. 
On Specimens of Telegraphic Facsimiles, produced by Casselli’s Method. 
Exhibited and explained by the Abbé Moreno. 
M. Casselli adopts Mr. Bakewell’s principle, but causes the two cylinders to 
move at the two stations synchronously, by mechanical means contrived by him- 
self. The copies exhibited by the Abbé were exact facsimiles of the originals, some 
being pictures, some pieces of music, and some written. 
METEOROLOGY, ETC. 
On the System of Forecasting the Weather pursued in Holland, By Professor 
Buys-Baxnor, Director of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. 
In the plan pursued in Holland, observations are taken at four principal places— 
Helder, Groningen, Flushing, and Maestricht. On the indications afforded at these 
places the forecasts are based. The author remarked :—“ For every day of the year, 
and for every hour of the day, I have very carefully determined the height of the 
barometer in the place of observation at that height above the sea where it is 
suspended, This is a cardinal point not sufficiently observed in England, and not 
at allin France. The ditlerence of an observed pressure from that calculated on, 
I call the departure of the pressure—positive when the pressure is greater, negative 
when it is less. Those departures, besides the observations of the other instruments, 
are communicated from post to post. The rule is now very simple. If the depart- 
ures are greater (more positive) in the southern places than in the northern, 
greater at Maestricht or Flushing than at Groningen or Helder, the wind will have 
a W. in its name; when the departures are greater in the northern places, the wind 
will have an E, in its name. More accurately, you may say, the wind will be 
nearly at right angles with the direction of the greatest difference of pressures. 
When you place yourself in the direction of the wind (or in the direction of the 
electric current), you will have at your left the least atmospheric pressure (or the 
north pole of the magnet). When the difference of pressure of the southern places 
above the northern is not above four millimetres, there will be no wind of a force 
above 30 Ibs. on the square metre. Moreover, the greatest amount of rain will fall 
when the departures are negative; and, at the places where the departures are 
most negative, there also the force of the wind will be generally stronger. More- 
oyer, there will be no thunder if the barometric pressure is not less than two milli- 
metres above the average height, and when at the same time the difference of the 
departures of temperature is considerable. These rules, and especially the first two, 
were laid down by me in 1857, in the ‘Comptes Rendus’; and on the Ist of June, 
1860, the first telegraphic warning by order of the Department of the Interior was 
given in Holland. It was unfortunate that those telegraphic warnings were not 
introduced four days sooner, for in that case the first communication would have 
been a first warning against the fearful storm of May 28, 1860, called the Finster- 
storm. All of you know how amply Admiral FitzRoy has arranged the telegraphic 
warnings all over England. The rules used in Holland have answered well, as is 
shown in the translation of a paper of Mr. Klein, captain of a merchant-ship, 
whereto I have added my observations and signals compared with the signals of 
Admiral FitzRoy. My own paper dates from June 1, 1860, and is extracted by 
My. Klein; but I preferred that the less complete and precise paper of a practical 
man should be translated, because I thought that the seamen would put more reli- 
ance on it. Fyrom the tables added to that translation, it appears that I have warned 
from ny four stations just as Admiral FitzRoy has done from his twenty. It must, 
however, be recorded that, besides those four stations, there are also some stations— 
Paris, Havre, Brest, in France, and Hartlepool, Yarmouth, Portsmouth, Plymouth, 
