22 REPORT—1863. 
to be almost exclusively of this general character, probally because there are 
‘fewer conditions at sea to create a fog over a limited area. The most extensive 
fog which the author had traced was that of June 22nd and 23rd, 1861; it spread 
all round England and Wales, except part of the Suffolk and Norfolk coast, all 
round Scotland, with the exception of some places in the extreme north, and 
rather irregularly along the whole coast of Ireland. 
2nd. These general fogs are in the habit of visiting certain geographical areas.— 
There seem indeed to be certain parts of the coast that are peculiarly liable to 
become the landfall of a fog, which, according to its magnitude, stretches to a 
greater or a less distance right and left of this particular spot. Thus, in Ireland, 
from the lighthouses of which the author possesses daily returns for three years, 
there are two special localities on which fogs seem to be in the habit of striking. 
One of these is the south-east corner, often the centre of a fog that covers the 
coasts of Wexford and its neighbourhood, and sometimes obscures the whole 
southern and eastern shores, The other is the western half of the southern shore, 
the fog rarely extending on the one side beyond Minehead, or on the other side 
beyond Valencia, except that it seems in the habit of visiting at the same time the 
prominences of Mayo. The northern and the north-west shore was very rarely 
visited by fogs of any extent. From England and Scotland the author has simi- 
lar daily returns for only the first half of 1861; and thus he has less confidence 
in any generalization for these countries, especially as the Irish returns show that 
these fogs visit a particular coast very unequally in different seasons. Yet, during 
the period above mentioned, it is perfectly clear that fogs frequently made a land- 
fall of the Suffolk coast, extending perhaps from the north-eastern bend of Norfolk 
down to Essex, appearing at all the numerous lightships and the principal light- 
houses along that side of the country. The most extensive fogs of the eastern 
coast seemed to haye their centre about Yorkshire, from which they stretched 
north and south, sometimes confined between Northumberland and Lincolnshire, 
but at other times extending from Aberdeenshire down to Suffolk, and reappearing 
again at the Forelands. In more than one instance also these fogs crossed the 
mainland and made their appearance in the Bristol Channel. On the western 
coast there occurred also several general fogs, their landfalls being the headlands 
of Wales and Cornwall; they generally penetrated into the Bristol Channel, and 
got round to the south as far as the Start. Between that point and Beachy Head 
there were few general fogs in the first half of 1861, though at some stations local 
fogs abounded. On the eastern coast, the mouth of the Thames escaped their 
visitation better than any other part. 
As to Scotland, the eastern fogs that stretched from England up to the corner 
of Aberdeenshire sometimes included the whole eastern shores up to the Shet- 
lands in their range. The Orkneys seem to be included in two great areas of 
eastern and western fogs, the avestern extending thence by Cape Wrath to the 
Hebrides and the Western Islands. 
It would be at once interesting to the scientific man and useful to the navigator 
to ascertain more accurately the limits of the areas peculiarly exposed to general 
fogs, and to determine the meteorological conditions on which the formation, con- 
tinuance, and disappearance of these fogs depend. Beyond showing in some cases 
a connexion between the Yorkshire fogs and a north-east wind, the author has 
done little towards the solution of this problem; but he proposed it as an im- 
portant inquiry to those scientific men who make meteorology their more especial 
study, 
On Ozone and Ozone Tests. By EK. J. Lown, F.RAS., P.LS., FGS., fe. 
The present paper is a continuation of one read last year on “the necessary 
precautions in ozone observations,” and on “certain requisite corrections ” before 
the actual amount of ozone can be determined. A discussion as regards the sensi- 
bility of the tests, in which Professor Miller, Dr. Moffat, Mr. M. Lyte, and others 
took part, induced me to carefully consider this portion of the subject. It struck 
me that the tests of Schénbein and Moffat must be incorrect, because they were made 
with the starch of commerce ; and as, in the ordinary manufacture of starch, lime, 
sulphuric acid, and chlorine were used, ordinary starch could not be pure enough 
