TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 49 
On Zine, Nickel, and Cobalt in the Cleveland Ironstone. By J. Parrryson. 
The constant presence of oxide of zinc in considerable amount in the deposit 
found in the waste gas-tubes of blast furnaces smelting Cleveland ironstone had 
pointed out that zinc was probably uniformly diffused in this ironstone. In order 
to ascertain this, the author obtained a sample from the main seam of the Up- 
leatham mines, and, after examining it carefully to see that it contained none of 
the visible pieces of zinc-blende which are occasionally found, sought for the 
“presence of zinc in the usual manner. From this sample an amount of oxide of 
zine equal to 0:32 of a grain of zinc per lb. of ironstone, or about 10 grains per 
ton, was obtained. In searching for zinc, indications of the presence of nickel and 
cobalt were also obtained. A quantitative analysis showed that the ironstone con- 
tained 0°72 of a grain of nickel, and 0:12 of a grain of cobalt, per pound. In smelt- 
ing, the principal portion of these two metals will be reduced to the metallic state 
and will accompany the iron, although it is probable that the peculiar bluish colour 
which the furnace slag sometimes possesses may be partly owing to minute 
quantities of cobalt carried away with the slag. The author has estimated the 
amounts of nickel and cobalt contained in pig iron, malleable iron, and puddling 
furnace cinder, all of which were produced from Cleveland ironstone. In each 
case four ounces of the sample were operated upon. They contained as follows :— 
Pig Iron. | Malleable | Puddling Fur- 
Tro: 
m. nace Cinder. 
Grains of nickel per Ib. .......... 1:88 1:56 0°313 
Grains of cobalt per lb. .......++. 0:32 0:24 0-062 
Percentage of nickel ..........+. 0:027 | 0-022 0:0045 
Percentage of cobalt ........-.+. 0:004 | 0-003 0:0009 
The samples were taken at different periods of time, and from entirely different 
batches of iron. An admixture of nickel with iron is said to pe aN the quality 
of the latter; but it is scarcely probable that either nickel or cobalt in the above 
proportions will affect the quality of the iron appreciably. These results are 
interesting, however, as affording another illustration of the wide diffusion through- 
out nature of comparatively rare substances. 
On the various kinds of Pyrites used on the Tyne and Neighbourhood in the 
Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid. By J. Parruyson. 
Tron pyrites, or bisulphide of iron, has been used on the Tyne in the manufacture 
of sulphuric acid since about the year 1840. At that time, and up to 1856, the 
only supplies of this mineral were obtained from Ireland, Cornwall, and the col- 
if 2. 3. 4, 5 6 7 
epUT ee a Sate sete cee’ < 44:60 | 49°30} 45-01] 45°60} 44°50} 44-20] 38°10 
EES sg ote Actes senate 88:70 | 41-41] 39°68] 38°52] 39:22] 40-52) 34-44 
CSE e Boog Bipadiockon 3°80; 581] .. ws 1:80| 0:90} trace 
LL 22S Sieg RI a a 0-58! 0-66] 037] O64) .. 150] .. 
HOME Ae ce es cen’ p ee es 0:30] trace | 1:80} 6:00] 1:18] 3°51] ,. 
DUST A ee trace | trace | trace | trace ae rs a 
EE scar ciciciew ces ° 0:14] 0-14} 0-25} O11} 2:10) 024) 4:96 
WWAIOWICSIO. ws scien cedceess trace | trace| .. . OOL 0:33 
Carbonic acid .......... i re Ae 1:65 511 
PATABNIC 5 f. ds tiie ablddw@aetes 0:26| 0:31] trace | trace] .. 0°33] trace 
ADE P ONG, 5 sicsist oper abate clone -siatacs 0-23} 025) 032) 037) 0-45] 0:25] 031 
Coal and loss ............ 4c i a aa She ale 14-45 
SPN Suaks, sropers heyegehei ae oa ape 11:10} 2-00} 12:23) 8-70} 9-08}; 880} 1:40 
IEOISEUTOL, « <lsbstrestertbines ciel 0:17} 0:05) 0:25) 036] 0-17) 0:90} 0-90 
99:88 | 99-93 | 99-91 {100-30 |100-16 |100-34 |100-30 
