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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 99 
than in the specimens of Gorilla contained in various public museums. We have 
thus a specimen of Gorilla in which the digits of the hand are almost as free as in the 
hand of the lower races of mankind. Careful examination, bya lens, of the integu- 
ment, before the preparation of the specimen by Mr. Leadbeater, who first called the 
author’s attention to this abnormity, demonstrates the fact that the epidermis covers 
the cutis on the inner sides of the interdigital spaces of the first phalanges of this 
specimen. The consistency of this epidermis merely differs in degree from that of 
the homologous structure in the foot and in other parts of the body. It would be 
interesting to compare such a curious abnormity of the integument with the simi- 
lar abnormities which exist in the human species. The human fingers are most 
frequently connected together by syndactyly, and remain during life in that state 
of arrested development (as regards the integument) which is typified by the per- 
manent stage of development of the Gorilla. On the other hand, the author has 
never yet met, either in the chimpanzee or orang-utan, with a similar case of free- 
dom of digits to that here described. We must, however, recollect that the number 
of specimens of chimpanzee and orang-utan which have been accurately described 
anatomically forms a very small percentage. How many individuals of Gorilla may 
exist in which a similar “accidental” variety may exist, must remain for a long 
time unknown to us. The author then referred to cases of congenital syndactyly 
in man, and concluded by suggesting that the speculation whether a like rule, or 
its converse, may or may not prevail in the ape,—whether it might not through 
generations, during which the congenital defect of the Gorilla, or absence of the 
characteristic syndactyly, might be transmitted, operate towards the production 
of a more prehensile form of hand,—must be postponed until a larger series of 
specimens shall be examined by anthropologists or zoologists, 
On the Marine Cyclopoid Entomostraca (Calanide), with Notices of some 
Species new to Britain. By Guorce S. Brapy. 
Dr. Baird’s ‘Monograph of the British Entomostraca,’ published by the Ray 
' Society in 1849, and still the only authoritative work on the British species, contains 
descriptions of only three species of this family, viz. Cetochilus septentrionalis, 
Anomalocera Patersonii, and Temora jfinmarchica, the last of which seems to be 
involved in some obscurity. Mr. Lubbock has, however, since that date, given 
descriptions, in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ of several new 
British species. My own opportunities of observation have as yet been very limited. 
I have examined many gatherings, both littoral and from deep water, on the 
Northumberland and Durham coasts; and Mr. Norman has kindly placed in my 
hands some material of his own collecting, from the Shetlands a the Frith of 
Clyde. This, with the addition of a small gathering made by myself among 
the Channel Islands, constitutes the whole of the material which I have yet been 
able to obtain. It has yielded altogether nine species, four of which are new to 
Britain. It would be out of place here to enter into any minute descriptive details. 
The best specific characters will be found in the form and structure of the antennze 
and the fifth pair of feet, and in the shape of the last abdominal segments: there 
are minor characters discernible also in other organs. One of the most curious 
points of structure is the strong serrated armature existing in many species on each 
side of the hinge-joint in the right antenna of the male. 
I have compiled a table illustrating the disgribution of the nine species which I 
have observed, but this can scarcely be thought of much value, owing to the want 
of copious gatherings from more distant places. It will be noticed that all the 
species have been taken in this district: we may be sure that equal opportunities of 
search in other places would have given a longer list. The four species referred 
to as being new to Britain are Ichthyophorba hamata, Dias longiremis, Temora velox, 
and a species of Eucheta(?) not yet determined. The most abundant species, 
both in the Shetland and Northumberland gatherings, and occurring plentifully also 
among the Channel Islands, was Diaptomus longicaudatus, Lubbock. This is espe- 
cially abundant in the Northumberland district as a littoral species. I may also 
notice as being of common occurrence here and in Shetland Evadne polyphemoides, 
Leuckart, a species, I believe, hitherto unrecorded as British, Though found in com- 
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