154 ; REPORT—1869. 
has been caused by the attempt of many proprietors to convert the Irish peasant 
occupiers into farm-labourers, in view of copying what they see in England and 
Scotland. Those who do so, if they wish to succeed, should carry out the whole 
of the English system of agricultural management. If they omit such an im-' 
ortant element as the Poor-law they cannot expect to be successful—at any rate, 
it is obvious that Irish proprietors should not be restrained by law from managing 
the relief of their poor labourers exactly as English proprietors do. 
On the Opening and Extension of Durham University Acadenacal Endowments. 
By James Heywoon, M.A., F.RS. i 
The University of Durham possesses estates, the gross income of which, during 
the last four years, has averaged £7170 a year, whilst the average net income for 
the same period has only been £5410 a year. The difference between these two 
sums, or £1760, shows the average annual outgoings of the property, which 
amount to nearly one-fourth of the gross rental, and are so excessive, that advan- 
tage would be derived by an appeal to the Attorney-General to inquire, by means 
of the agency under his control, into the cost of the management of the landed 
estates of the University of Durham, considered as charitable property. 
Commissioners were appointed, under the Durham University Act of 1861, for the 
improvement of that seat of learning; they included the Right Rev. Dr. Baring, 
Bishop of Durham, the Right Hon. R. Lowe, M.P., the Right Hon. C. B. Adderley, 
M.P., the Hon. H. G. Liddell, M.P., the Rey. Dr. Vaughan, and Robert Ingham, 
Esq., M.P. 
i their report, the Commissioners observe that the financial arrangements of the 
University of Durham have been conducted with little system or success; they 
remark that there has been no sufficient encouragement given to the study of 
hysical science, and that the University of Durham has failed to do for the 
industry of the North all that it might reasonably have been expected to perform. 
The scheme of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the University of Durham 
had originally comprised the annexation of the wardenship of the University to the 
deanery of Durham, the endowment of the professorships of Divinity and Greek with 
canonries in Durham Cathedral, and the establishment of twenty-four fellowships 
of £120 a year each, with a further sum of £30 a year to each of the ten senior 
clerical fellows. 
Among the alterations suggested by the Commissioners of 1861, were the 
cessation of any further appointments to any of the twenty-four fellowships, all of 
which had been exclusively limited to members of the Church of England, and the 
stopping of any further elections to twenty scholarships belonging to the University, 
aie Vitharts confined to members of the Church of Tnplitrt 
Forty open scholarships of £30 a year each, to be competed for by any persons, 
whether members of the University or not, and to be tenable for two years each, 
were proposed by the Commissioners of 1861, in place of the previous arrangement 
of fellowships and scholarships; and a further recommendation was made, that 
forty additional scholarships of £50 a year each should be created, to be competed 
for by any students commencing their second year, and to be tenable for one year, 
with the power of a successful candidate retaining such £50 scholarship for an 
additional year, in any case where the student, having taken a degree in one depart- 
ment of the University, should select to study in some other department of the 
University ; as, for instance, if a scholar, who is a Bachelor of Arts, should choose 
to study either divinity or physical science. 
Under the existing Durham system, about £2916 are annually laid out in 
fellowships, and £740 in scholarships; the change proposed by the Commissioners 
of 1861 m this plan has been arrested by petitions from the Dean and Chapter 
of Durham, and other persons, to the Queen in Council, which have been supported 
by pleadings before a Committee of the Privy Council, and have led to nu dis- 
allowance of the ordinances of the Commissioners of 1861 by the Privy Council. 
It isnot the intention of the Commissioners of 1861 to issue any fresh ordinances, 
and the work of reform is for the present practically left in the hands of the Dean 
and Chapter of Durham. 
