160 REPORT—1863. 
the largest cotton port in Europe, has been but slightly affected by the cotton 
famine; the pauperism there is, and has been, but little in excess of its usual 
amount. It has not been found necessary to institute any Relief Committees. 
Nevertheless the increase in the death-rate has been very great. The average 
number of deaths in the three years was 8198; in the year ended Midsummer 
1863 it was 9475, being an increase of 1277, or 15°6 per cent. In the contiguous 
union of West Derby, the deaths were respectively 4915 and 6199, increase 1284, 
or 26-1 per cent. ‘These figures present a remarkable contrast to the average 
death-rate of the cotton manufacturing unions during the same period. Mr. Purdy 
observed that the increase of mortality in the Manchester, Ashton-under-Lyne, 
Chorlton, Oldham, and Wigan unions appeared from the Registrar’s Returns to 
have been caused by the prevalence of epidemics in those districts, especially 
from scarlatina, diphtheria, measles, and small-pox. The decrease of deaths in the 
other unions has been attributed by various Registrars to the generally temperate 
state of the weather; to the change from employment in the atmosphere of the 
milis to the open air; and to the greater maternal care bestowed upon the 
younger children. The possible saying of life from the last-named cause may 
e very great indeed, when it is remembered that one-half of the large mortality of 
the Lancashire towns is usually that of children wder five years of age. 
The Tables which follow have been extracted from the Appendix to the original 
paper, 
Section A.—Unions of least Pauperism. 
Increase per cent. in Number of Deaths. 
Paupers at Midsummer 
and Christmas 1862, | Average of 
Unions. compared with 1861. | three years| The year 
—________—____|__ ended ended 
Midsummer} Christmas |Midsummer|/Midsummer 
Difference 
per cent. 
1862. 1862. 1862. 1863. 
Macclesfield ...........-sese0s 34 40 1486 1412 — 50 
WaltOnddtiasksh saesscvesshe 84 215 2614 2590 — 09 
Bolton ..... Se eGi use de Sette Bee 41 136 3440 3363 — 2:2 
SWisatssages tatess. cunecee sees 38 121 2391 2599 + 87 
YUL is <schoue chee Be pegaaebsnehs 100 343 2353 2256 — 41 
Whoriion et oecehe vests <.coucxs 68 464 3735 4255 +139 
Oldham.,.... atinpcnchds vet acous 86 497 2774 3243 +16°9 
*,* The Unions are arranged, in this and the two next Tables, according to the ratio of 
paupers to population at Christmas 1861: the most pauperized at that date is placed first. 
(See previous paper, 1862.) 
Section B.—Unions of medium Pauperism. 
| Increase per cent. in Number of Deaths. 
Paupers at Midsummer 
and Christmas 1862, | Average of 
The year | Difference 
Unions. r i d1. 
nions compared with 1861 saree yeare ended per cent. 
Midsummer| Christmas |Midsummer|Midsummer 
1862. 1862. 1862. 1863. 
Manchester with Prestwich 127 340 7228 7421 + 27 
Rochdale ...............00. ie 120 414 2111 1971 — 66 
Burnley seaawatetde ae setae venice 145 348 1835 1541 —16:0 
Haslingden...... Gaodgocieonce > 108 431 1529 1505 — 16 
