176 REPORT—1863, 
head for domestic consumption. In 1854 the water in the reservoirs was tested 
for hardness by Dr. Smith, of Manchester, and found to be 13:2 degrees. The water 
has also been analyzed by different analytical chemists, and found to be composed 
of the following ingrediénts :— 
Dr. Smith, Dr. Letheby, 
March 1854. February 1863. 
Carbonate of lime and magnesia ...... 6:54 13-01 
Up Habe OL MS or cs Gln smile) sieleleyaie ess 6-13 4:65 
Alkali BsOMLOLIG Ow tects, cpe mic cdterais fits, of 4:23 1:63 
Oxide of iron and silica .............. ‘81 83 
Ohyecnnrtod reek ni ee eet NAGE a By DORE O 2°38 1:21 
Total solid contents in grains per] 20-09 21-33 
mmnperialtfalloniiecds te. ccet ¢ ( = 
Analysis of Tyne Water. 
Dr. Letheby, Dr Rickatdaoal ne Pattinson, 
Feb. 1863. May 1863. Jan. 1863. 
Carbonate of lime........... 
Carbonate of lime and magnesia. . 4:09 3°06 4:50 
Sulphateroflimie fay. Wie rie hte: 2°49 1:22 82 
Alkaline chloride .............. 1:22 ‘87 1:65 
Oxide of iron and silica ........ ‘41 50 58 
Organic matter ..... “BURR tee oe 1:39 2°63 2-05 
Total solid contents in grains | 
per imperial gallon ...... { 8:28 9°60 
Tt only remains to mention the system of supply. The reseryous at Whittle 
Dean are 360 feet above high-water mark of the Tyne at Newcastle, but, on account 
of the friction along the twelve miles of main pipe, the water does not reach by 
gravitation the houses in the highest parts of the town. About one-fifth of the 
whole has to be pumped to these high districts, and for that purpose the company 
have a fifty-horse-power engine at Benwell reservoir, whence the water is forced 
to a reservoir at Benwell Bank top, 400 feet above high-water mark, which com- 
mands the most elevated houses in the town and suburbs. 
The Asp Moreno explained the action of Caselli’s auto-telegraph, now actually 
at work between Paris and Marseilles, by means of which a fac-simile of the 
writing of the pee is transmitted ; and he exhibited specimens of handwriting, 
portraits, &c., thus effected. 
The Aspé Moreno exhibited a model and gave explanations of Messrs. Bourdon 
and Saleron’s apparatus, termed “ Injecteur pour les Corps Solides.” 
The Assé Moreno exhibited and gaye explanations of the “ Ventilateur a 
Réaction” of M. Perigault de Rennes, and of the “Balance Aérostatique” of 
M, Seiler. 
On Bridge Foundations. By T. Pacer. 
The object of the author was to show the system pursued by him without the 
heavy cost of coffer-dams. The system adopted by the author consists in the use 
of cylinders of iron filled with brickwork or concrete. The foundation, he said, 
might be described as a part of a structure, which resisted the weight of the super- 
structure; and it was evident that the higher the horizontal plane of the resisting 
