ON THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE. 



71 



'» [ 60-70 



Many of the stones of large size, -weighing about 10 grammes. 



Composition of the 66-43 per cent, of soil : — 



per cent. 



Amount insoluble in strong "I 

 hydrochloric acid J 



Perric oxide 1-56 



Alumina 1-04 



Lime 0-42 



Magnesia 0-04 



Potash and soda 0-10 



Potash 0-07, soda 0-03 



The carbonate of lime is not uniformly distributed throughout the soil, but 

 apparently almost the whole of it exists as small white pieces, and can 

 easUy be picked out. Three determinations of the carbonic acid in the 

 soil gave 0-155, 0-258, and 0-433 per cent, of CO^. 



A small portion of the iron exists as the ferrous salt. 



The air-dried soil (without the stones) is capable of holding when satu- 

 rated 34-6 per cent, of water. 



Analyses of Sewage and Effluent Water — in 100,000 parts. 



per cent. 



Silica trace 



Sulphuric acid (SO3) 0-03 



Phosphoric acid (P^ 0,) 0-01 



Carbonic acid (COj 0-19 



Chlorine about 0-003 



Nitric acid a trace 



Loss on ignition 1-69 



Sewage from town, daytime . 

 „ „ nighttime. 

 , , pumped on to land 



Date, 

 1870. 



Effluent water, pipe A . 

 „ „ pipe B . 



„ „ pipe C , 



Sewage from town, temp. 66° F 



„ „ temp. 64° 



„ pumped on to land, temp. 64°, 



Effluent water, pipe A, temp. 58° ... 

 ,, „ pipe B, temp. 62° ... 

 ,, „ pipe C, temp. 62° ... 



July 



20 

 20, 21 



20 

 July 



20 



20 



20 

 Aug. 



IS 



17 



IS 

 Aug. 



IS 

 IS 

 IS 



SoUd 

 matter 



in 

 solution 

 dried at 

 100° C. 



109-20 

 6o-20 

 95-80 



70-60 f 

 69-90 \ 

 92-80 



84-30 

 4910 

 65-30 



69-00 

 73-50 

 87-50 



Suspended 

 matter. 



5470 

 15-80 

 30-60 



Small 

 amount 

 1-30 



54" 70 

 13-60 

 22-50 



Chlo- 

 rine. 



8-8o 

 9-85 



6-85 



777 

 966 



14-63 



8-09 



11-36 



7-46 

 8-8o 

 9-87 



Ammo- 

 nia. 



5-266 

 1-164 

 4-629 



0-003 

 0-041 

 0-046 



4-270 

 0-744 

 3-054 



trace 

 0-031 



o-ooo 



Albumenoid 

 ammonia, 



0-376 

 o'o6o 

 0-204 



0-037 

 0-035 

 0-036 



0-260 

 0-040 

 0-140 



0-031 

 0-056 



0-043 



Nitrogen 

 as nitrates 



and 

 nitrites. 



0-000 a 

 O'OOC a 

 O-OOO a 



1-7181' 

 1-663 ' 

 2-301 



O-OOO c 



o-ooo 

 0-000 * 



1-633 i 



1-490 g 



2-081 •> 



Total hardness of effluent water 5'"35° 



Temporary ditto. 33'6i° 



Permanent ditto. 1774° 



5i"35o 



a Samples taken every two hom-s from 10 A.M.to 6 p.m. Average flow 256 gallons per minute. 



b Samples taken every two hours, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Average flow 20 gallons per 



minute from each of the pipes A, B, C. c Average flow 250 gallons per minute. One- 

 eighth of this sample was taken at eight times in the day. d Average flow 200 gallons 



per minute. One-third of this sample was taken at three times in the day. ^e Average 



flow 680 gallons per minute. One-eighth of this sample was taken at eight times in ^he day. 



■ f Average flow 20 gallons per minute. One-sixth of this .sample was taken at six times 



in the day. e Average flow 25 gallons per minute. One-sixth of this sample -was taken 



at six times in the day. h Average flow 26 gallons per minute. One-sixth of this sample 



was taken at six times in the day. 



