TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 



61 



pots and the furnace incurred a large expense"; and in proportion to the quantity 

 of metal produced, the fuel consumed and the labour expended were great. 



The waste of manganese in alloys rich in that metal mil, it is feared, always he 

 considerable ; but the value of the raw material would permit some such loss, could 

 the other points be obtained ; and these, it is believed, have now been achieved. 



The metal has been produced by heating a mixture of carbonate of manganese 

 with oxide of copper and charcoal in a tolerably large reverberatory furnace, and 

 not in a small and costly pot. The fuel used has been principally the common 

 slack or small coal of the district, and not coke. The labour has been proportion- 

 atelj' reduced; and a series of alloj's are produced that ere long promise to play no 

 uuiraportant part in the arts and manufactures. 



It is the excellent furnace-arrangements of Mr. Siemens that have assisted in 

 overcoming the difficulties at first encountered, by aftbrding the intense heat 

 needed, with a non-oxidiziug flame, in a quiet atmosphere. 



The following specimens were exhibited : — 



1st. Manganese and copper, in various proportions from 35 to 5 per cent, of man- 

 ganese, as ingot, sheet, and wire. 



2ud. Copper, zinc, and manganese ; also in different proportions, and in a variety 

 of applications. 



3rd. Copper, zinc, manganese, and tin ; as ingots and as bearings. 



4th. Copper, manganese, and tin, in several different proportions ; as bars. 



5th, Copper, manganese, and lead. 



Oh the Chemical Composition of the Bones of General Paralytics. 

 Brj J. Campbell Bhown, I).Sc. 



I. shows the average proportions of organic and earthy matter in several sam- 

 ples, which were remarkable only for being less perfectly developed than the ribs 

 of healthy adults ; some of these had been fractured and perfectly united ; others 

 were entire. 



II. These ribs were not fractured, nor did they contain much fat ; but they were 

 thinner than usual. 



III. consisted of one rib only; it was slender, and rough and jagged on the 

 edges, but had not been fractured. 



IV. consisted of six ribs, which had all been fractured, and had completely 

 united, and showed a slight callosity ; some of them had been again fractured more 



* This specimen also contained fat which had not been removed before analysis. 



4* 



