144 REPORT — 1870. 



that quarter was accordingly pretty distinct. The Norwegian element prevailed in 

 it over the Kymro-British. The Anglian was weak and the Gaelic douDtful._ The 

 stature was tall, the hair often light, and the features of Norse type. The evidence 

 of philology pointed in the same direction. In South Lancashire the original An- 

 glian type had been obscured by the prodigious extent of immigration ; moreover, 

 the stature had been degraded, and the type otherwise affected, by the results of 

 the recent great development of manufacturing industry. It was, however, still 

 distinguishable, and resembled that of Northern Mercia. The principal points in 

 the paper were supported by numerical tables. 



On the Ottoman Turhs. By John Beddoe, M.D. 



The observations of the author had led him to the conclusion that the physical 

 type of the Ottomans, at all events of the peasantry of Anatolia, had not, probably, 

 very much changed since the Turkish Conquest. At that time, no doubt, consi- 

 derable intermixture of blood had occurred between the Seljukian and Ottoman 

 Turks and the conquered people ; but any subsequent crossing had been pretty 

 much confined to Rumelia and the towns ; and a well-marked Turanian physiog- 

 nomy was still very prevalent among the Anatolian peasantry. The Turkomans 

 were most Turanian in aspect, and next to them came the pastoral tribes called 

 Ym-uks, then the Anatolian peasantry, and, lastly, the Rumelians and the Mussul- 

 man population of the large towns, in whom the original Turkish element was ex- 

 tremely dilute. These differences of aspect corresponded to the known or probable 

 differences of blood ; and it appeared unnecessary to invoke the aid of supposed 

 climatic influences to account for them. 



On the Position of Australian Languar/es. By Dr. Bleek. 



The author traced certain analogies between the several Australian and Dravidian 

 languages, placing them all in Max Miiller's great nomadic or Turanian class ; and 

 although the Australians have, with few exceptions, no grammatical distinctions of 

 gender, the author does not think that this necessarily excludes them from the sex- 

 denoting family. The use of suffixes and post-positions in the Australian languages 

 led him to infer tliat they have been derived from the more temperate zones. In- 

 deed the nations using suffix-pronominal languages are found on the outskirts of 

 the Tropics, and in temperate and cold latitudes ; while those speaking prefix-pro- 

 nominal tongues are restricted to the Tropics. And, again, the suffix-pronominal 

 class are addicted to sidereal worship, and the prefix-pronominal to ancestor-wor- 

 ship. The author, however, carefully showed that the physical descent of a race by 

 no means necessarily coincides with the descent of its language ; and, in conclusion, 

 expressed his belief, based on a study of the mythology and the present customs of 

 the Australians, that these have degenerated from a higher state of civilization. 



New Vieivs of Craniology. By F. Bkidges. 



On the Village System in India. By G. Camphei,!, D.C.L. 



A Note on the Distribution of the Names of Weapons in Prehistoric Times. 



By Hyde Clarke. 



The author observed that weapons in various parts of the world, of prehistoric 

 date, were found to present extraordinaiy evidences of identity. He called atten- 

 tion to the possibility of finding evidences of identity of root-words in the names 

 of weapons, and, as an instance, called attention to a name for aiTOW. This among 

 the Sentals and Gonds of India is sar. The like form is to be foimd in many Ian- 



