TRANSACTIO>fS OF THE SECTIONS. 151 



removed for fuel, and tlie peat knolls are portions of the remains of this thick mass 

 of peat. 



The vegetable matter composing the peat knolls consisted principally of leaves of 

 oak, alder, and hazle. 



A considerable subsidence must have taken place in this portion of the coast of 

 Ireland, as the remains of the food of man and leaves of land-plants are now found 

 at a level considerably below that of the ordinary high tide. 



Eemark on the Anatomy of the Intellect. By William Hitchman, M.D. 



On some forms of Ancient Interment in County Antrim. 

 By T. Sinclair Holden, M.D. 



On the Massagetce and Sacce. By H. H. Howokth. 



The Chinese authors, translated by Stanislas Julien, and the ' History of the White 

 Huns,' by Mvian St. Martin, were the author's chief authorities. These enabled 

 him to identify the ]\Iassagetce of Herodotus and the Greeks with the Ta Yetha of 

 the Chiaese wi'iters and the Sacre with the Sai and Szu of the same authors and 

 the Sabs and Sakas of the Indian Epics, and to arrive at the very probable conclu- 

 sion that Massageta is the indigenous name of the tribes called Sacre by the Per- 

 sians ; so that Massageta and Saca are in fact equivalent terms, and refer to at 

 most mere branches of one race. 



This race has been declared by several competent authorities to be Turanian or 

 Arian ; the Chinese writers enable him to describe it definitely as Thibetan. 

 The Khiang or Thibetans were, before the supremacy of the Turks, the dominant 

 race of central Asia. It is interesting to connect them with the subjects of To- 

 mji-is and the gi'eat enemies of Cyrus. 



The evidence is overwhelming to show that the Massagetse were the ancestors of 

 the Indo-Scyths, who overran Bactria and destroyed the power of the Greeks in 

 Asia. So that we may also, the author considers, correlate the subjects of Kad- 

 phises, the great restorer of Buddhism, with the Thibetan race ; these facts, in his 

 view, effectually disposing of the old notion that the Saxons had any thing to do 

 with the Sacae and the Massagetae with the Goths. It also disposes of the more 

 popular delvision that the Welsh are descended from the Cimmerians. Cimme- 

 rian (the Gimiri of the cimeiform inscriptions) is only a transcription of the name 

 Saka, and is equivalent to it, one being the Semitic, the other the Arian name of 

 the same race. 



Pre-Turlish Frontagers of Persia. By H. H. Howoeth. 



In a previous paper the author connected the Massagetfe and Sacae with the 

 Khiang or Thibetan races, and, on the other hand, showed them to have been the 

 ancestors of the Indo-Scyths, who overthrew Bactria and the influence of the 

 Greeks in Asia. Continuing their history, we find that the Indo-Scyths were 

 divided into five kingdoms, of which Kouei chang was the chief, and that about 

 the year 16 a.d. Kouei chang destroyed the four other kingdoros, and became very 

 celebrated. It is constantly referred to both by the Armenian and Persian authors. 

 Its gi-eat heroes were Korsa'ko (the Kadphises of numismatists) and Kanichka, who 

 was the regenerator of Buddhism, and who introduced that creed into Thibet 

 and China. Previously to his conversion his people had been sun- worshippers ; 

 and the author traced to them that form of Mithraism which was introduced at 

 Rome by Pompey, and which he brought from Parthia. 



On the decay of the power of Kouei chang the nomades on the Persian frontier 

 are again found imder the name of Yuetchi and Jatoi. V. St. Martin has iden- 

 tified them with the Ilaiathelah of the Persians and the Epthalitae of the Greeks. 



About tbe fom'th century the Avarian Huns overran Transoxiaua and the coim- 

 tiy as far as the Indus, and in the pages of Procopius, Prisons, and Cosmas the topo- 

 grapher, the nomades are called White Huns, and their country Hunnia. These 



