TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 189 



farmers, but they were all on a small and himible scale, and they had not the 

 education or information to enable them to adopt scientific improvements. He 

 believed it to be wholly and absolutely incon-ect to represent them as too conser- 

 vative to improve. Show tbem the means of raising better crops and they would 

 readily adopt them. It was, in his opinion, the duty of the collector of a district 

 to promote agi-icultural improvements in eveiy wav in his power. All that Govern- 

 ment had been able to do was to facilitate traffic. The secret of improving our 

 Indian cotton cultivation had not been discovered. Government had sent out 

 practical Scotch gardeners, but he doubted if they would have very rapid success. 

 In his opinion Government made a great mistake in ceasing to maintain a special 

 college for the education of the Indian civil servants. The present examinations 

 were a mistake ; the young men were crammed as for a literary examination, and 

 had very little practical knowledge. He especially referred to their ignorance of 

 arithmetic. India, too, was too much overridden by the legal system. It was not 

 enough to administer India by a rigid system of law. The Indian civil sen-ants 

 should be more trained for executive government, with a knowledge of agriculture 

 and other matters. He approved of a department of agriculture in India. He 

 wpuld also advocate security of tenure in India, especially in the new settled dis- 

 tricts, many of which were well suited for agriculture, and which would lead to 

 their development. As to the management of the natives, they were much more 

 easily led than driven. 



On the Tobacco Trade of Liverpool. By J. S. Campbell. 



The writer traced the history of the trade from its commencement, which was 

 in the year 1665, and stated that by the year 1700 the tobacco trade vdth Vii-giuia 

 had taken the lead of all the others, the principal merchants of the town being 

 then engaged in it. During 1770 the total imports of tobacco in Liverpool 

 amounted to 5447 hhds. In 1788 the first tobacco warehouse was built in Liver- 

 pool, on the east side of the King's Dock, and was calculated to hold 7000 hhds. 

 The steady gi'owth of the trade, however, soon rendered increased accommodation 

 necessary, and in 1814 a larger structure was built, which had since been enlarged 

 to twice its original size, and was calculated to contain 20,000 hhds. From 

 12,928 hhds. in 182.3 the imports rose to 16,58-3 hhds. in 1869 ; the largest stock in 

 warehouse at any one time being at the end of 1865, when it reached 27,820 hhds. 

 Of the total hogsheads imported in Liverpool, about one-fourth (perhaps a little 

 more) was cleared for manufacture in the to-^m, one-fourth was sent to Ireland, 

 one-fourth coastwise to various ports in England and Scotland, and the remainder 

 was 'exported to various foreign ports. The above figures refer only to American 

 tobaccos ; of other growths there were imported in 1869, 3709 bales and packages. 

 Liverpool had fully one-half the stock of American tobacco in the United Kingdom, 

 and the business was at present in the hands of eight brokers and about seventy 

 importers. 



He described the business as an exceedingly quiet and regular one, the brokers 

 and importers, as a rule, sticking to their fixed and antiquated practices, and ob- 

 stinately resisting any attempt at innovation. 



The paper concluded with some remarks on the extent of tobacco manufacture 

 in Liverpool, and the desirability of a more extensive introduction of female labour 

 into this branch of industry. 



Proposition for a Census of Local Names. By Htde Claeke, I.S.S. 



The object was to enumerate in each enumeration district all known names of 

 towns, hamlets, farms, fields, rivers, hills, commons, &c., in extension of the ma- 

 terials in the Indexes to the Censuses of 1841, 1851, and 1861, so as to give better 

 information as to the distribution of English names (with their forms of Frisian, 

 Norse, &c.), and of Celtic, with their forms of Welsh, Cornish, L-ish, Erse, and 

 Manx. 



