194 REPORT — 1870. 



Similar proofs of farming industry were noticed in 1865 on the Yakama re- 

 servation, 70 miles north of the Colimibia river. About 5O0O Indians are located 

 in that neighbourhood, and 1200 acres of land are under Indian cultivation. 



The Government have erected for these Indians a good grist- and saw-mill. 



A farm is connected with the boys' school, upon which the boys labour a certain 

 portion of their time ; the proceeds of their labour are applied towards their sup- 

 port. Agent Willous, who has the charge of the Yakama reservation, neglects no 

 opportunity to give the Indians instruction of a practical character. 



Among the inquiries of the Committee of Congress in 1865 respecting Indians, 

 the following question was asked of Brigadier-General James H. Carletou, of the 

 Head Quarters department of New Mexico, at Santa Fe : — 



" Is it best that the Indian lands should be held in common or in severalty ? " 



General Carleton in reply gave it as his opinion " that the Indian land should 

 be held in severalty." 



" Surveys should be carefully made, and each family or head of a family should 

 have a part allotted to him. 



" The human being, white, red, or black, who plants a tree or a vine, or builds 

 a house, or makes a field or garden, identifies himself with it — loves it; his 

 children are born there, and the associations connected with all these things con- 

 stitute and give birth to what we caU home love and home feeling." " We have," 

 observed General Carleton, "taken quite enough from the Indian. Let them 

 have and keep really a home." 



On the Statistics of the Contagioiis Diseases Acts. 

 By Berkeley Hill, M.B., F.B.C.S. 



It was remarked that there are two chief points for statistical inquiry, — the 

 prevalence of these diseases, and the amount of control sanitary regidations exercise 

 over their propagation. The three main varieties of contagious diseases were then 

 briefly described, and the following facts mentioned to show the prevalence of the 

 most important form of these diseases. At Eye hospitals one-fifth of diseases of 

 the eye are from constitutional contagious disease. At the Throat hospital about 

 1.5 per cent, have similar origin. Taking the estimate -of the medical officer of 

 the Privy Oomicil that 3a per cent, of the sickness relieved gratuitously in the 

 metropolis is due to the constitutional form of contagious disease, an estimate the 

 author showed to be insufficient, we have even then 28,000 of the working male 

 popidation of the metropolis alone constantly more or less incapacitated by the 

 constitutional form of disease. It was mentioned also that 16 out of every 1000 

 Avho offer themselves as recruits to the army have this form of the disease. A 

 comparison was then drawn between the number of persons who apply for relief 

 from these diseases at the general hospitals of London and that which is treated 

 at the same institutions of Paris ; being G-6 per cent, of those examined by the 

 agents of the Medical Officer of the Privy Coimcil, even allowing a reduction 

 of one-fourth to be made for the proportion of sick persons relie-^ed by the Poor- 

 Law Medical Officers, who do not treat this kind of sickness out of the work- 

 house. In Paris, of the total sick persons relieved by the general hospitals, the 

 portion with contagious disease was 3-3 per cent. In the Navy and Army the 

 amount of loss from contagious disease has been estimated with approach to exac- 

 titude. This loss, for some reason, declined slowly and steadily year by year from 

 1860 to 1860-67. Since that date the diminution has continued more rapidly where 

 the Contagious Diseases Acts operate, while, where they do not operate, the decrease 

 has been replaced by increase, so that the level of 1860 has been regained at nearly 

 all stations unprotected by the Acts ; the entry at the stations protected by the 

 Acts being 68 per 1000 of mean strength of the soldiers, and at the unprotected 

 stations 111 per 1000 for the same form of disease. So, again, the average number 

 of soldiers constantly off' duty in 1864, the vear the first Contagious Diseases Act 

 was passed, was 19 per 1000 of strength ; in' 1869 it has fallen in the protected dis- 

 trict to 12-6. Still this is more than the loss in the French Army, where it is 

 11-11 per 1000; the whole loss from these kinds of sickness being equal to 7^ 

 days of the English Army's time, 4 days of the French Army's, and slightly less 



