TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 203 



Thus, according to a return made by the late Master of the Mint to the Royal 

 Commission ou International Coinage : — 



Centigrams 

 Country. Gold coin. of 



Fine Gold. 



Great Britain . . | So^f^ig^ .• co^ita^is ^32 cents of fine gold. 



I Halr-sovereigu 

 France,Belgium I 20-franc piece . 



Switzerland, < 10-franc piece . 



and Italy . . . . ( .5-franc piece 



United States of ] ^^"^'^ ""^ *^^ ^°"^^« 



. . -^ Half-eao'le 



America.... ]Goid dollar 



Prussia Friedrichs d'or of 1831 . . . . 



ZoUverein .... {|i?rWone ! ! 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 ! ! 



Austria Ducat of 1860 



Spain Doubloon of 10 escudos . . . . 



Portugal Crown of 10,000 reis 



Brazil Ten mille reis piece 



British India . . Gold mohm* of 15 rupees . . 



Denmark Christian d'or 



Egypt Fifty piastre piece 



Greece Twenty drachmai piece . . . . 



TT 11 J I Double William 



I^°"'^°*l JDouble ducat 



Malta Doppia or pistole 



Home Ten scudi piece 



Russia Half-Imperial of 5 roubles 



Sweden Ducat , , 



Tm-key Lii'a of 100 piastres , 



And if the Bank of England were required to exchange in London certain spe- 

 cified foreign gold coins (if within the limit of legal tender weight) for British 

 money, estimating them all by such a table as the foregoing in cents of gold, a very 

 important part of the advantages of an International coinage would be at once at- 

 tained. And this great commercial convenience would be secured without, our 

 being in the least made dependent on the honesty of other nations ; since the table 

 of equivalents would be founded, not on the statements of foreign governments, but 

 upon analyses and weighings made from time to time by our own Mint authorities. 

 There would be no special difficulty in weighing the variety of coins which would 

 be presented at the Bank ; a very simple modification of the existing automatic 

 machinery would accomplish this. Neither would there be any objectionable ac- 

 cumulation of foreign coins ; the outgoings woidd go far to balance the incomings, 

 and whatever surplus was in the Bank at any time would be estimated as part of 

 the reserve which the Bank is bound to hold. 



Auother advantage would attend the carrying out of this proposal : it would 

 contribute towards the establishment of the cent of fine gold as the unit of money 

 of account ; and this would be accompanied by aU the advantages which group 

 themselves round the fact that it is the Natural Unit. 



On Immigration and Emigration, as affecting the increase of Population in 

 England and Wales. By Thomas A. Welton. 



The two censuses of birthplaces of 1851 and 1861, with the tables of registered 

 births and deaths aimually made public, and the available statistics of emigration, 

 furnish the means of calculating with some degree of accm'acy the net loss and gain 

 in every single district by migration into and from it of natives of each county and 

 of other countries. 



Two ingredients in the calculation require to be estimated, viz. the numbers of 



