204 REPORT— 1870. 



unregistered births, and those of deaths among residents not natives of the counties 

 in which the respective districts are situate. 



The number of births unregistered in 1851-60 has been estimated by the writer 

 at 18,000 per annum, or nearly three to every 100 registered, on the groimds, (1) 

 that by adopting such an estimate the population ascertained at the census of 1851, 

 plus natural increase and computed immigration, but minus emigrants of English 

 birth, gives a result which agrees closely with the population actually enumerated 

 in 1861 ; and (2) that by applying such a correction there is deduced from the 

 records of births and deaths in the years just preceding 1861, a number of children 

 Avho should then haA"e been enumerated at ages xmder fii-e years, exceeding the 

 number actually returned to as great an extent as could reasonably be expected, 

 having regard to the probability that many children in tJieir fifth year are errone- 

 ously returned as full}^ five years of age. 



The annual ratio of deaths among persons not li-sing in their native coimties has 

 been assumed to range between 15 and 20 per thousand persons, except in the case 

 of the poorer class of Irish, who experience undoubtedly a much heavier rate of 

 mortality. 



Tables were appended to the paper, founded on these assumptions, showing not only 

 the numbers of persons who in the tenyears ( 1851-61)would appear to have removed 

 from the Registration Division in which they were born to either of the other ten 

 English divisions, but also the numbers of natives of other countries added to the 

 population of each division, and (as a final arithmetical result of considerable in- 

 terest) the numbers of natives of each of the eleven divisions respectively who must 

 have been included amongst the emigrants to America and elsewhere. 



In eveiy case the numbers thus represented as having emigrated or immigrated 

 are the balances resulting from setting arrivals against departm'es, and show the 

 final outcome rather than the steps by which it was attained. 



The net reduction of the natural increase of population in England and Wales 

 occasioned by migTations in the ten years (1851-61) appears to have been about 

 267,222 males and .35,098 females, such loss arising from an emigration of natives 

 of England and Wales amounting to 662,578, partly counterbalanced by an immi- 

 gration of Scotch, Irish, foreigners, &c., amounting to 360,258 ; net loss, 302,.320. 

 We may infer, from the numbers of immigrants actually enumerated, that the 

 above figure, 360,258, was pretty equally divided between the sexes ; hence we 

 must conclude that the emigration was composed of about 457,000 males and 

 205,000 females. 



There is good reason for the belief that a vast proportion of the immigrants on 

 their arrival here were under twenty years of age. There are still stronger grounds 

 for coming to the same conclusion with reference to 1,013,451 natives of England 

 and Wales computed to have removed from theii- native division to one of the other 

 ten divisions during the same period of time. 



The imperfect returns* which we possess as to the numbers of English absent 

 from home in 1861, show that the total, embracing soldiers, sailors, and travellers 

 as well as residents abroad, was not far short of 1,350,000, viz. 900,000 males and 

 450,000 females. 



This shows the number of persons of English birth in existence at that time to 

 have been nearly such as would have resulted had the birth-rate in 1801-40 ave- 

 raged as high as 37 per thousand inhabitants, and had it in subsequent years been 

 such as is shown by the Ilegistrar-General's returns, ;;/(« six percent, for omissions 

 in 1841-50, and three per cent, for omissions in 1851-60, the death-rate being 

 assumed throughout to be the same as that shown in Dr. Farr's ' English Life 

 Table No. 3.' But the surviving females are decidedly more numerous than the 

 result of such a calculation would show. Consequently we are led to the conclu- 

 sion that the life-table in question does not represent female longevity as com- 

 pared with that of males in a sufliciently favourable light. 



It also appears that the census of ages taken in 1841 must needs have been very 

 inaccurate, and that, although the birth-rate in the first thirty years of the centmy 

 may have exceeded 37 per thousand, it was in 1831-40 somewhat lower than that 



* Eetiirns showing the age, sex, and county of birth of persons of British origin absent 

 from home on the Census day would be valuable. 



