TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 57 



Also other facts oi undoubted superincumbence of the trachytic and basaltic rock 

 upon certain tertiary strata, well characterized by fossils, were ascertained. Messrs. 

 1-ranz von Hauer, ilipold, Foetterle, Dr. Stache, Baron von Andrian, Paul, were all 

 engaged in this wort, and beside them also a number of eight younger minin°- 

 engineers. M. Wolf had to explore the neighbourhood of Toplitz for providing a 

 sufficient supply of water for domestic purposes for that watering place, and then 

 to continue his collections of trachytic types in Hungary and Transylvania. M. 

 Stur had to compare collections of alpine fossils in Germany and Switzerland. 



The International Agricultural Exhibition at Cologne was opened on the 2nd of 

 June. From the Geological Institute there was sent thither a newly constructed 

 geological map of the Austrian Empire, along with an explanatory collection of 

 rocks and fossils. It was rewarded with the gold medal. The collection was after- 

 wards placed in the Museum of the University of Bonn. The geological map on 

 the scale of 1 : 432-000 is now in progress of being reduced to the scale of 1 : 576000, 

 in which it is to be published in twelve sheets. 



A new Number of Dr. Hornes's Fossil Mollusca of the Tertiary Vienna Basin had 

 likewise been published in the course of the year. 



Dr. Gustavus Lombe had completed an excellent memoir of the St. Cassian fossils, 

 as also Prof. Charles Zittel, of Carlsruhe, on the Gosan Bivalves, taking as starting- 

 points our own rich collections of them. The memoirs are printed in our Academy's 

 Transactions. Under the superintendence of the Academy was likewise brought 

 to light, of the Novara Publications, Dr. von Hochstetter's second volume of New 

 Zealand, containing thePala?ontology, by Unger, Zittel, Fr. von Hauer, Suess, Karrer, 

 Stoliczka, Stache, and Gustavus Jaeger. 



Additional Observations on the Geology of the Lake Country. 

 By Prof. Hakkness, F.R.S., F.G.S., and H. Nicholson. 



The Skiddaw slates, the lowest member of the sedimentary rocks of the Lake 

 country, have hitherto afforded many peculiar forms of Graptolites, a crustacean, the 

 Can/ocaris Wrightii, a branching bryozoon, and tracks of worms. To these can now 

 be added other fossils, namely, two trilobitic forms, Agnostes Morea, and a new 

 species of Phacops. Besides these, a Lingula occurs in several localities in the 

 Skiddaw slates, nearly allied to L. brevis. These fossils still further corroborate the 

 inference that the lowest sedimentary rocks of the Lake District are referable to the 

 Lower Llandeilo or Shelve group. 



They are succeeded, apparently conformably, by green slates and porphyries, the 

 former having originated from ash-beds. Hitherto these green rocks have afforded 

 no fossils, although they have been carefully looked into. As rocks of the same 

 position and nature occur in the north-east of Westmoreland, among which is a 

 well-marked fossiliferous zone, the authors were induced to examine a band in the 

 Lake country, corresponding in position with the fossiliferous zone in the north- 

 east of Westmoreland. 



This zone, which in the north-east of Westmoreland consists of dark grey flao-oy 

 rocks with distinct cleavage, lies upon a thick mass of porphyry, and is succeeded 

 by a similar mass, separating it from the Coniston limestone, the north of England 

 equivalent of the Bala limestone. The Lake country representative of this^zone 

 also occurs between two masses of porphyry, and consists of green slates which have 

 been partially worked in some localities. These slates exhibit no trace of fossils 

 when first obtained from the quarries, in consequence of the cleavage intersecting 

 at nearly right angles, the original bedding. On weathering, however, the lines of 

 lamination become exposed, and among the debris of the quarries fossils are seen 

 which have a distinct Caradoc type. One of the localities affording these fossils is 

 Style End Grassing, in Long Sledclale, and another is to the north-west of Sunnv 

 Brow, about 3 miles south-west of Ambleside. 



The rocks in the Lake district which overlie the Coniston limestone, namely 

 the Coniston flag and Coniston grits of Prof. Sedgwick, appear to occupy the 

 whole of the area to the south-east of the Coniston limestone band, where Silurian 

 rocks occur in this country, except in the neighbourhood of Kendal. These Coni- 

 ston flags and grits are intersected by north-east and south-west faults, such as 



