110 REPORT 1865. 



life, it will be seen that a distinct general mapping out of orgeats exists, before an 

 equally corresponding change can be traced in the shape and character of those 

 cells which are concerned in forming these organs. There is no doubt, however 

 that a differentiation of character takes place in many of these cells to a far Greater 

 extent than is revealed by mere microscopic inspection ; for when the preparations 

 are tinted with carmine, this reagent exhibits the fact that chemical changes have 

 taken place in many cells which differ very little in appearance from others. 



We may thus see that special local chemical changes take place before the physical 

 structure of each particular organ is fully developed. 



The following particulars were also referred to : — 



1st. The large relative size of the liver, in nearly all the specimens, as compared 

 with the same organ in the adult animal. 



2nd. The smallness of the cerebellum in the mammal foetus, and its largeness in 

 the bird. 



3rd. The large size of the spinal cord anl posterior ganglia, both in the bird and 

 mammal fetus, when compared with that of the adult animal. 



On certain Points in the Anatomy of Lumbricus terrestris. 

 By Dr. Rolleston, F.E.S., Professor of Physiology in the University of Oxford. 



On certain Points in the Anatomy of two Animals from the Mammoth Cave, 

 Kentucky. By Dr. Rollestox, F.E.S., Professor of Physiology in the Uni- 

 versity of Oxford. 



On certain Physiological Experiments with Ozone. 



By Dr. B. W. Richardson, M.A., F.li.C.P. 



The following are the reliable facts known up to this time respecting ozone : — 



1. Ozone in a natural state of the air is always present in the air in minute pro- 

 portions, viz., one part in ten thousand. 



2. It is destroyed in large towns, and with special rapidity in crowded, close, and 

 filthy localities. 



3. Ozone gives to oxygen properties which enables it to support life. In this 

 respect it acts like heat*: its effects are destroyed by great heat. 



4. Ozone diffused through air in excessive quantities produces, on inhalation, 

 distinct symptoms of acute catarrh — common cold. 



5. When animals are subjected to air richly charged with ozone, the symptoms 

 produced, at a temperature of 75°, are those of inflammation of the throat and pul- 

 monary mucous membrane, and at last of congestive bronchitis, which in carnivo- 

 rous animals is often rapidly fatal. 



6. When animals are subjected for a long period to ozone in small proportions, 

 the agent acts differently, according to the animal. The carnivora die, after some 

 hours, from disorganization of the blood and separation of fibrine ; but the herbivora 

 will live for weeks, and will suffer from no acute disease. 



7. The question whether the presence of ozone in the air can produce actual dis- 

 ease must be answered cautiously. Science has yet no actual demonstrative evi- 

 dence on the point. But the facts approach to demonstration that common cold 

 (catarrh) is induced by this agent. All else is as yet speculative. 



8. During periods of intense heat of weather, the ozone loses its active power. 



9. On dead organic matter undergoing putrefaction ozone acts rapidly ; it en- 

 tirely deodorizes by breaking up the ammoniacal products of decomposition. 



10. There is an opposite condition of air in which the oxygen is rendered nega- 

 tive in its action, as compared with the air when it is charged with ozone. Air 

 can thus be rendered negative by merely subjecting it, over and over again, to ani- 

 mals for respiration. The purification of such air from carbonic acid and other 

 tangible impurities does not render it capable of supporting healthy life; but ozone 

 restores the power. In a negative condition of air, the purification of the organic 

 matter is greatly modified, and the offensive products are increased. Woimds be- 

 come unhealthy; and heal slowly in such negative air. 



