3G0 REPORT— 1869. 



Ill the course of the iuvestigation he gives the following expressions : — 



d^l 2<i'\ TT \ ' dq 2ii 1 TT i * 



I shall conclude this portion of my work by a remark of Eiemann, that if 

 :&(i=s" e''"-+2''", then if (r) and (s) be any two positive or negative in- 

 tegers, s"m vanishes if M=('- + |)7r/ + (s + i)«. In mentioning the name of 

 Eiemann, I am glad to take the earliest opportunity of paying a humble 

 tribute to the memory of one of the most illustrious mathematicians which 

 either his country or the world has ever seen. 



Report on Mineral Veins in Carboniferous Limestone and their Organic 



Contents. By Charles Moore^ F.G.S. 

 A CAKEFTJL consideration of the phenomena attending mineral veins needs 

 the aid of the physical geologist, the electrician, the chemist, the mineralo- 

 gist, and also, as I shall presently show, that of the paliEontologist, in order to 

 arrive at correct conclusions respecting their age, the materials they contain, 

 from whence those materials were derived, and the time when they were 

 subsequently deposited in them. Unfortunately I do not profess to have 

 any knowledge of some of these sciences, and the conclusions to which I 

 have arrived will therefore be based upon general observations, such as 

 could be given to the physical conditions of various mineral districts, and 

 the manner under which some of the veins have been formed and refilled. 



There are few subjects connected Avith the physical history of our globe 

 ■which have presented greater difiiculties in their elucidation, and few the 

 study of which have, up to this time, had less satisfactory or certain results 

 than the laws which have regulated our mineral deposits, the views enter- 

 tained having the wide divergence between a Plutonic and a Neptunian 

 origin for our minerals ; and although the tendency of opinion is probablj' in 

 the latter direction, it may be almost said that at this time there is no fixed 

 view on a subject of such great economic importance. 



The opinions of various authors may be chiefly classed under the heads of 

 " suhUmation" and " ser/regation," whilst those of Werner, that the minerals 

 in the veins have been derived from the waters of the ocean, and those 

 recently propounded by Mr. AVallace, that they owe their presence to atmo- 

 spheric causes and conditions in connexion with segregation, deserve at- 

 tention. 



1st. By sublimation is meant that aU our minerals have been entirely 

 derived from the passage upwards of certain vapours yielding the minerals 

 through the veins, which have been vents from the heated interior of the 

 earth. 



2nd. By segregation, that the minerals now found in veins were contem- 

 poraneous with, and deposited in very minute quantities in the horizontal 

 strata which now form the walls of the veins, and that by some mode or 

 other they have subsequently been removed from the surrounding rocks and 

 redeposited as they are now found in the veins. 



Minerals are only met with in the crust of the earth, in stratified beds, 

 and in mineral veins. 



