64 UEPORT— 18G9. 



According to this process, a quantity of slaked lime is added to the ordinary 

 p-as-liquor. Tliis is maintained at a temperature of between 100° and 200° F., 

 the liquid being constantly stirred. A powerfid air-blast, blown continuously 

 through the liquor, liberates the ammonia as gas in a very perfect and rapid 

 manner. The mixture of air and ammonia passes through water, leaving the 

 ammonia in solution, and the air passes off. With a very moderate-sized ap- 

 paratus, several thousand gallons of gas-liquor may thus be converted into a 

 portable form in a single day. Amnionic sulphate, or amnionic chloride,_ is ob- 

 tained by conducting the amnioniacal gas into sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid 

 respectively. 



In the working plant at Deptford, constructed by the author, a wrought-iron 

 still, or ammonia-generator, 30 feet long and G feet diameter, is capable of being 

 charged from a reservoir that can contain over 9000 gallons of gas-liquor. The 

 gas-liquor is pumped from the reservoir into the still, and heat is applied by 

 means of an underneath fire. Air is forced into the hot liquor through suitable 

 apertures in the lower part of cast-iron pipes that proceed longitudinally through 

 the still at its bottom. The streams of air are thoroughly disseminated through 

 the liquor by the fans of a revolving stirrer. The various constituents of the gas- 

 liquor (water, ammonia, carbonic dioxide, sulphuretted hydrogen, sulphocyanides, 

 &c.) are thus brought continuously into intimate contact with air and with 

 lime that has been placed in the ves'sel. The mixture of air and ammonia passes 

 into a purifier, which consists of a small wooden vessel containing lime, and 

 about one-third full of water. This pm'ifier has a tight head and a perforated 

 false bottom, also a small agitator, together with trial-taps and a pipe for con- 

 veying away liquid accumulated from condensed vapour. The other adjuncts 

 are a " safety- tube," safety-valve, and vacuum-valve ; the two latter are_ fixed on 

 tlie tube from the ammonia-generator. After passing through the purifier, the 

 mixture of ammoniacal gas and air traverses a coil (in a cold-water cistern) to a 

 deep closed vessel, or receiver, about one-third full of pure cold water._ A series 

 of these receivers is used, so as to attbrd a succession of vessels to retain the am- 

 monia. The air, ha^ving fulfilled its function, passes oft' into the atmosphere. The 

 last receiver contains a strong solution of ferric chloride. The liquid rcsiduuni of 

 this process is run off" into a draining pit, thence into the sewers ; the solid in- 

 odorous lime-compounds are carted away. In the draining-pit certain perforated 

 shelves carrying sand, also gravel and cement, facilitate the separation of the solid 

 from the liquid parts of the residuum. 



The commercial value of the ammoniacal liquor augments in a ratio increasing 

 with its concentration. The advantages of the above-dcscrilied system may be 

 summed up as eflecting a considerable economy in labour, time, and occupation 

 in plant, together Avith a facility of extracting the whole of the ammonia from the 

 gas-liquor in a pure condition. 



On the llegistration of Atmospheric Ozone hi the Sonlhct)/ Prisktenc;/, and the 

 chief Causes which influence its apj)reeiahle amount in the Atmosphere. Bij 

 Dr. H. Cook, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., Surgeon H.M. Bomhety Army, Me Mete- 

 oroloyist to the Abyssinian Expedition. 



The registration of ozone -tvas commenced in the Bombay Presidency by the 

 direction of the Government, at the author's suggestion. In the year 1863 at the 

 following stations, viz. Ahmedabad, Deesa, and Mhow in the northern division ; 

 Ahmednugger, Poonah, and Sattara in the Dekkan ; Belgaum and Kholapore in 

 the southe'i-n JIahratta country ; Bombay, Tanna, and Surat on the coast ; at Kur- 

 rachee and Ilydrabad in Sciude ; and at Mahablesliwur, the Sanatorium^ on the 

 •western Ghats. 



Previous to this no systematic observations had been made in India. 



Printed forms, whicli when filled in would embody the following details, were 

 issued to the various stations, viz. the quantity of ozone by day and by night, 

 the direction of the wind, character of the clouds, amount of rainfall, occurrence 

 of dust-stiu-ms, thunder-storms, I'cc. : a summary of the temperature, and the daily 



