132 REPORT— 1869. 



flake was found in a cutting in Acton village, as mucli as 18 feet from the surface. 

 Althougli the author did not succeed in himself finding any of these implements 

 in situ, he took all the stejDS necessary to ascertain the correctness of the reports 

 given him by the workmen, and he has no reason to doubt the accuracy ot the 

 positions here given. The majority of the flakes appeared to have been rubbed and 

 chipped by use, leaving concave scallops on the edges of the flint. All the imple- 

 ments and flakes were of the ochreous colour of the gravel, and they appeared by 

 their edges to have been much rolled in the gravel. The author also found two 

 very well-formed implements at Ealing Dean, at a spot the height of which is given 

 as 92 feet above mean water-mark in the Ordnance 6-inch map. (All these imple- 

 ments were exhibited at the Meeting of the Association.) 



The value of the discovery consists in its extending our knowledge of the dis- 

 tribution of these implements higher up the main valley of the Thames than they 

 have been found hitherto. It is well known that implements of Palasolithic type 

 have been found near Reculvers, at about .50 feet above the sea-level. The earliest 

 recorded discovery of a Drift implement was that found at the commencement of 

 the last century, near Gray's Inn Lane, at a height of probably from 50 to 60 feet ; 

 and Mr. Evans has lately discovered one at a higher level near Highbury. 



Though evidently of much less common occurrence in the Thames valley than 

 in those of the Somme, the Ouse, and other rivers in which they have been found, 

 there appears to be no reason to doubt that they are as widelj^ distributed, and that 

 they occupy corresponding positions to those which have been found in the above- 

 named rivers. 



On Man and the Animals, being a Counter Theorrj to Mr. Darwin's as to the 

 Gri(jin of 8])ecies. By Aiichdeacon Feeeman. 



On the Brain of a Negro. By R. Gaener, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. 



The author, in a previous paper read at the British Association, described his 

 method of making casts of the brain, flrst hardening them in a solution of corrosive 

 sublimate, about 1 oz. to 1 pint of water at 60^ F., that is of the speciflc gravity of 

 the brain itself, I'OoS. The Negro, of whose brain a cast was shown, though by no 

 means of quite black skin, was apparently of pure blood, judging from the shape of 

 his head and face, and woolly hair. He was a tall man, and when able to follow 

 his employment, acted as cook on board a ship, and in private families. He was 

 intelligent, and apparently had been placed in more favom-able circumstances for 

 mental development than the generality of his race. 



The Negro skull is generally thick and heavy, as was the case here ; the parietals 

 are not unfrequeutly cut oft' from joining the sphenoidal wings in the temples, and 

 there appear to be one or two other little imperfections, so called. The brain is 

 commonly long and narrow, but high, as it was in the instance in question. Ac- 

 cording to Morton the Negro's brain, compared with the Englishman's in weight, 

 is only as &2 to 96. But the brain of the Negro in question weighed 49 oz., the 

 full weight of the Englishman's ; and, generally speaking, the convolutions may be 

 called rich, more so than those of the ordinary Englisliman, and more so than 

 those of an Englishman's brain exhibited, though the latter was of course wider or 

 brachycephalic. This Englishman was well known to the author. He could read, 

 write, and sum well, was quite of average intelligence, but self-indulgent in regard 

 to drink, and choleric, and had been a soldier and servant. If mere name were 

 anything he ought to be of our noblest blood, but probably he had no such claim. 



The prognathousness of the Negro, to whatever due, is attended with a Ions 

 brain, but whether he is the better or the worse for this, or whether anj' other un- 

 common shape of brain has very much effect on the faculties, or what, is difiicult 

 to say. The Negro's prognathousness seems to affect his voice, which is commonly 

 rather guttural than sonorous. The brains of imbeciles have commonly all the 

 convolutions, though of course less developed, and the author doubts whether the 

 performance of any particular faculty can be attributed to any particular convolu- 

 tion ; language, for instance, as distinguished from its merely lingual and oral por- 



