TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 137 



having Celtic names are exactly similar to those of foreign origin in complexion, 

 form, stature, &c. ; but he is inclined to believe that the nearest approach to the 

 true Celt vrill be found in some of the hill-countries, such as Slieve Phelin at the 

 junction of the counties of Tipperary and Limerick, or the Bui-ren in county of 

 Clare, &c. 



On the Natives of Vancouver's Island. By Dr. E.ichaed King. 



Notes on the Builders and the purposes of Merjalithic Monuments. 

 By A. L. Lewis, F.A.S.L. 



An almost unbroken chain of megalithic (Druidic) monuments extends from 

 India, through Persia and Asia Minor, the Mediterranean coasts and France, to 

 Britain and Scandinavia, those in India being still in use, and the whole having 

 throughout such a resemblance as could not possibly be accidental. This circum- 

 stance, with others, such as obsciu-e but identical superstitions, traditions, &c. 

 existing throughout this chain, induces the belief that these monuments were con- 

 structed under a common influence of some kind. The consideration of a variety 

 of facts leads to the conclusion that in Europe they were constructed by the 

 Celts under Druidic influence, but whether that influence was derived from India, 

 or whether India has been subjected to a Celtic influence of some sort, or whether 

 both India and Celticahave been influenced from some common source, is at present 

 uncertain. 



From the peculiar construction of the monuments, and from the uses to which 

 similar monuments are still put in India, it woidd seem that the alignments and 

 circles were used primarily as places of sacriflce, the dolmens or table-stones, of 

 which there are two classes, as places of sacriflce on the one hand, and places of 

 sepulture on the other, and the menhirs or single pillars as landmarks, comme- 

 morative pillars, tombstones, and possibly also, in some cases, as places of worship 

 or sacrifice. 



On the Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. — Part II. 

 By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., F.B.S., V.P.Ethn.Soc, 6,-c. Sfc. 6fc. 



At the Dundee Meeting of the British Association I had the honour of reading 

 a paper " On the Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. 

 The views therein advocated met with little opposition at the time. The then 

 Presidents of the Ethnological and Anthropological Societies both expressed their 

 concurrence in the conclusions to which I arrived ; and the memoir was ordered 

 to be printed in extenso. It has, however, subsequently been attacked at some 

 length by the Duke of Argyll*. As the Duke has in some cases strangely mis- 

 understood me, and in others (I am sure unintentionally) misrepresented my views, 

 and as the subject is one of great interest and importance, I am anxious, with the 

 permission of the Meeting, to make some remarks in reply to his Grace's criticisms, 

 as well as to bring forward some additional arguments. The Duke has divided 

 his work into four chapters : — I. Introduction ; II. The Origin of Man ; III. and 

 IV. His Primitive Condition. 



I did not in my first memoir, nor do I now, propose to, discuss the subjects dealt 

 with in the first half of the Duke's " Speculations." In using the expression 

 " First men or first beings worthy to be so-called," I did not intend to e.xpress any 

 opinion, but merely to indicate the alternative. I wish distinctly to point this out, 

 because the Duke so frequently quotes t'ne expression, from which he draws an 

 erroneous conclusion. I am, however, glad to find that he is not himself sufii- 

 ciently satisfied with his arguments to dispense with an appeal to the wishes 

 and failing of his readers. I must also observe that in attacking Prof. Huxley for 

 proposing to unite the Bimana and Quadrumana in one Order Primates, the Duke 

 uses a dangerous argument ; for if, on account of his great mental superiority over 

 the Quadrumana, Man forms an Order or even Class by himself, it will be im- 



* Good Words: March, April, May, and June, 1868. Also since republished in a 

 separate form. 



