TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 149 



pongwe of the Gaboon, from the Grammar of the Mpongwe language, published 

 by Snowdeu and Prall of New York; and lastly, the Fulup and Mbofon lan- 

 guages from Koelle's ' Polyglotta Africana.' For America, the Ojibwa Vocabulary, 

 given in Schoolcraft's ' Indian Tribes ; ' the Darien Vocabulary, from the Gth vol. 

 N. S. of the Ethuological Society's Transactions ; and the Tupy Vocabulary, given 

 in A. Goncaloes Bias's 'Diccionario da Lingua Tupy chamada lingui geral dos 

 indigenas do Brazil.' To these I have added the languages spoken on Brumer 

 Island, at Kedscar Bay, Kowrarega, and at the Louisiade, as collected by M'Gil- 

 livray in the ' Voyage of the Kattlesnake ; ' and the dialects of Erroob and Lewis 

 Murray Island, from J ukes's ' Voyage of the Fly.' Lastly, for Polynesia, the 

 Tongan Dictionary, given by Mariner, and that of New Zealand hj Bietfenbach. 



The result is, that while in the four European languages we get about two 

 reduplications in 1000 words, in the savage ones the number varies fi'om 38 to 170, 

 being from 20 to SO times as many in proportion. 



In the Polynesian and Fiji Islands they are particularly numerous ; thus, in 

 Fiji, such names as So})ioso)uo, Ruki raki, Haviravi, Lunialuma are numerous. Per- 

 haps the most familiar New Zealand words are meremere, patoo patoo, and Mm 

 kivL So generally, however, is reduplication a characteristic of savage tongues, 

 that it even gave rise to the term "barbarous." 



The love of pets is very strongly developed among savages. Many instances 

 have been given by Mr. Galton in his Memoir on the " Domestication of 

 Animals"*. Among minor indications may be mentioned the use of the rattle. 

 Originally a sacred and mysterious instrument, as it is still among some of the 

 Siberian Redskin and Brazilian f tribes, it has with us degenerated into a child's 

 toy. 



Thus Dobritzhoffer tells us, the Abipones at a certain season of the year wor- 

 shipped the Pleiades. The ceremony consisted in a feast accompanied with dan- 

 cing and music, accompanied with praises of the stars, during which the principal 

 priestess, "who conducts the festive ceremonies, dances at intervals, rattling a 

 gourd full of hardish fruit-seeds to musical time, and whirling round to the right 

 with one foot, and to the left with another, without ever removing from one 

 spot, or in the least varying her motions''^. 



Spix and Martius§ thus describes a Coroado chief: — " In the middle of the as- 

 semblj', and nearest to the pot, stood the chief, who, by his strength, cunning, and 

 courage, had obtained some command over them, and had received from Marlier 

 the title of Captain. In his right hand he held the maraca, the above-men- 

 tioned Castanet, which they call gringerina, and rattled with it, beating time with 

 his right foot." 



" The Congo Negroes had a great wooden rattle, upon which they took their 

 oaths"||. 



The rattle also is very important among the Indians of North America^. When 

 any person is sick, the sorcerer or medicine man brings his sacred rattle and shakes 

 it over him. This, says Prescott, " is the principal catholicon for all diseases." 

 Catlin** also describes the "rattle "as being of great importance. Some tribes 

 have a sacred drum, closely resembling that of the Lappsft. When an Indian is 

 ill, the magician, says Carver J J, " sits by the patient day and night, rattling in his 

 ears a gourd-shell filled with dried beans, called a chiehicone." Klemm§§ also 

 remarks on the great importance attached to the rattle throughout America, and 

 Staad even thought that it was worshipped as a divinity ||||. Schoolcraft ^51 also 

 gives a figure of Oshkabaiwis, the Redskin medical chief, " holding in his hand the 



* Trans. Ethn. See. vol. iii. p. 122. 



t Martius, Von dam Eectszustande und. Ur. Brasiliens, p. 34. 



X Dobritzhoffer, vol. ii. p. 65. See also p. 72. 



§ Travels in Brazil. London, 1824, vol. ii. p. 234. 



II Astley's Coll. of Voyages, vol. iii. p. 233. 



•fr Prescott in Schoolcraft's ' Indian Tribes,' vol. ii. pp. 179, 180. 



** American Indians, vol. i. pp. 39, 40, 163, &c. tt Catlin, I. c. p. 40. 



X\ Travels, p. 385. §§ Culturgechichte, vol. ii. p. 172. 



II II Mceurs des Sauvages Americains, vol. ii. p. 297. 



it Indian Tribes, pt. iii. pp. 490-493. 



