TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 129 



from it an iminterrupted view was obtained over the level plains of Darieu towards 

 tlie Pacific Ocean. Tlie Tanela was found winding- through the pass, and the 

 stream was tracked down towards the level country, and observations taken of the 

 velocity of its cm-rent, so as to obtain data for a calculation of the height of the 

 pass. The paper entered into ample details on the physical geography of the At- 

 lantic side of the Isthmus, on the soundings in the Gulf of Uraba, into which the 

 Atlantic end of the future ship canal will disembogue, and on the climate and 

 natives. The expedition returned to Carthagena on the 3rd of September, 186-5. 



Accomit of the Wild Indians inJiahitinr/ the Forests of Himnta, Peru. 

 Bij Professor A. IIaimondy. 



These Indians belong to the tiibe of Campos, or Antis, and are found scattered 

 through the forests of Chunchamayo, Jauja, Pangos, Huanta, and the valley of 

 Santa Ana, near Cuzco. They occupy the country along the shores of the rivers 

 Santa Ana and Tambo, to the point at which they unite to form the TJcayali, where 

 the territory of the Chontaqiiinros commences. The Campos are of medium stature, 

 although some few are tall : one man measured six feet (Spanish) in height. The 

 head is dolichocephalic. They have prominent cheek-bones ; nose of Roman type, 

 but slightly turned up, and with thick septum ; eyes lively and expressi^■e, not well- 

 opened, and rather oblique. The females have white teeth ; but in the men the 

 teeth are dark, caused by their continually chewing the bark of a species of Bigno- 

 pia. The men have little or no beard. The hair is black. The colour of the face 

 is reddish or olive-coloured ; but in children it is nearly white. The Campos clothe 

 themselves with a wide and sack-like garment of cotton, neatly woven by the 

 women, sometimes having stripes of a reddish colour. It reaches down to the 

 ankles, and has sometimes attached to it a kind of hood for the head, made of the 

 same material. Wherever they go they cany with them, slung over the back, 

 a large cotton bag, the chaqui, which contains' all their worldly treasures, and is 

 sometimes ornamented with the gay-coloured feathers of birds. I'lie bag invariably 

 contains a bamboo box filled with anatto paste, with which they besmear their 

 faces from time to time, so that the natm-al colour of the face is seldom seen, the con- 

 tinual painting of the skin with stripes and various patterns of red imparting a per- 

 manent red tinge to the countenance. Their dwellings are small and reduced to a 

 mere thatch, some five or six yards in length by four in width, supported on poles 

 fixed in the ground. Under these is the sleeping apartment, — a conical hut, made 

 of a matting of palm-leaves, and looking like a hen-coop. In this confined space, 

 which is almost hermetically closed, they sleep, five or six together, apparently 

 piled one on the top of another, to protect themselves, as they say, from the bites 

 of bats. When the nights are clear, and the Campos are near the shores of a river, 

 they leave their huts and sleep in the open air by the side of a fire, lying naked on 

 the gi-oimd, and wi'apping their feet in their bags. Whenever the author arrived 

 at a hut, the Campo husband would always make a sign to his wife, who then 

 brought pine-apples or cooked yucas for the guest. Their main food is boiled and 

 roasted yuca (the root of Manihot utilissima), and fish or beasts of the chase, as 

 peccaries, and monkeys of various species. Their language is soft to the ear, being 

 full of vowels, and nearly all the words ending in i, u, or o. Their mode of speak- 

 ing is gentle, often in a sinning tone, as if supplicating. There are times when their 

 manner of talking is very difterent, and in a loud tone of voice. This happens when 

 they have not seen one another for a long time. Descending the Apurimac, on his 

 joirrney to ascertain its point of junction with the Mantaro, the author anived one 

 night at a Campo 's hut. His party had hardly landed, when the Campos who ac- 

 companied him commenced a loud parly with the owner of the establishment. 

 The conversation was long, and sustained at a high pitch of voice, lasting till day- 

 break the next morning. The subject of conversation was a recital, even to the 

 most trifling matters, of everything that had occun-ed to the parties since they last 

 met. The Campos count only up to four; when they want to express larger 

 numbers, they hold up their hands, feet, and pieces of stone. As to their religion, 

 no idols or ceremonies were observed. They do not take any care of their dead ; 

 stones are tied to the corpse, and it is then thrown into the river. If, when eating 



1867. 9 



