ON THE BRITISH FOSSIL CORALS. 87 
6. Trochosmilia cornucopiz, Duncan *. 13. Parasmilia Fittoni, Ed. & Ht 
7. —— Wiltshiri, Duncan*. 14. serpentina, Ed. g H, 
8. —— Woodwardi, Duncan *. 15. —— monilis, Duncan *. 
9, —— granulata, Duncan *. 16. granulata, Duncan *. 
10. cylindracea, Duncan *. 17. Diblasus Gravensis, Lonsdale. 
11. Parasmilia centralis, Mantell, sp., va- 18. Synhelia Sharpeana, Zd. & H.{ 
rieties 1, 2. 19. Stephanophyllia Bowerbanki, Ed. & H.t 
12. cylindrica, Ed. § H. 
The list of species presents a remarkable assemblage of forms. The Caryo- 
phyllice are represented in existing seas, especially in from low spring-tide 
leyel to 80 or 100 fathoms, in the West Indies, the Mediterranean, and in 
the south-east and north-east British seas. They are, with one exception 
(the Caryophyllia Smythz), always dwellers in many fathoms; and this coral 
is evidently a littoral variety of C. borealis, The Oculinide of the present day 
are usually found under the same conditions as the*Caryophyllie ; and doubt- 
less the Purasmiliwand Trochosmilice were dwellers in from 10 to 100 fathoms. 
There are no forms which indicate shallow waters, or anything like a reef. 
The fauna is essentially a deep-sea one. 
The continental development of Cretaceous corals is very remarkable; and 
the horizon of Gosau and Martigues, probably that of our Lower White Chalk 
and part of the Upper Greensand, is characterized by the reef species. A 
more decided equivalency between the higher horizons of the Upper Chalk of 
the continent and the Norfolk beds has been established by the discovery of 
some of the species now noticed for the first time. 
Family TURBINOLIDA. 
Division CaRYOPHYLLACER. 
MM. Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime adopted for a coral from the Upper 
Chalk the name of Cyathina laevigata. They published this name in their 
*Monog. des Turlinolides,” Ann. des Sciences Nat. 3rd series, vol. ix. p. 20 
(1848), and in their “ Monograph of the Corals of the Upper Chalk,” Pal. 
Soc. 1850. Lonsdale named the same coral Monocarya centralis, Dixon, 
* Geol. of Sussex,’ 1850, and probably Monocarya cultrata also. 
In 1850 D’Orbigny (Prodr. de Paléont. t. 11. p. 275, 1850) gave the coral 
the specific name cylindracea, it having become evident that Reuss was the 
primary discoverer of the species in 1846. In his ‘ Kreideformation,’ p. 61, 
pl. 14, figs. 23-30, Reuss gives the name Anthophyllium cylindraceum. The 
genus of the coral is evidently Caryophylha, in' the sense adopted by Charles 
Stokes in 1828. 
MM. Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime, having all this information before 
them, very properly determined the generic and specific names to be Caryo- 
phyllia cylindracea, Reuss, sp., in their ‘ Hist. Nat. des Corall.’ vol. ii. p. 18. 
This species is very polymorphic, and the pali of some specimens are very 
like the outer terminations of the columellary structures in some Parasmilie. 
Very frequently it is hardly possible to determine which are the pali and 
which the ends of the columellary fasciculi. Moreover in some specimens 
the base is small and the coste reach low down; whilst in others the base is 
normal and large, the coste being abnormal from their length. There is a 
* Species not hitherto described. 
+ See the remarks on the propriety of absorbing P. Mantelli. 
M. de Fromentel has described Caryophyllia decameris, from Southfleet. Much experi- 
ence in these species inclines me to believe the deeameral arrangement he speaks of to be 
a monstrosity. His species has but one specimen. 
¢ Lower Chalk. 
