92 REPORT—1868. 
Height 13 inch. Length of calice $ inch. Breadth 2 inch, 
Locality. Norwich, and Chalk of South of England. 
In the British Museum, Dixon Collection. 
Trochosmilia (Ceelosmilia) cylindrica, Duncan. 
The corallum is tall, cylindrical, and very slightly bent. The calicular 
opening is smaller in diameter than the rest of the eorallum. The ecoste are 
nearly equal, broad, slightly crowded, and are separated by shallow, narrow 
and undulating intercostal grooves. The coste are profusely ornamented 
with transverse ridges, straight, curved, or angular, and with large granules. 
The calicular edge is very thin, and the broad convex costz are continuous 
with slender unequal septa. The primary are exsert, and the lamine of the 
higher orders are very small. There is no columella, the larger septa uniting 
by a few short attachments from their inner margins. The endotheca is 
scanty. 
Height several inches. Breadth of the calice 4 inch. 
Locality. Norwich, Upper Chalk. 
In the collection of the Rev. T. Wiltshire, F.G.S. &e. 
The subgenus Celosmilia is thus represented in the British chalk by one 
species formerly known, by three varieties of it, and by five new species :— 
1. Trochosmilia (Ceelosmilia) laxa, Hd. gH. 4, Trochosmilia (Celosmilia) Woodwardi, 
—-— ) ——, vars. 1, 2, 3, Duncan. Duncan. 
2. -— ( ) cornucopir, Duncan. 5. —— (-—) granulata, Duncan. 
3. —— (——) Wiltshiri, Duncan. 6. —— (——) cylindrica, Duncan. 
These Trochosmilie, with a slight amount of endotheca (and what there is 
of it is generally low down), are very characteristic of the Upper Chalk; and 
their presence suggests that the Upper Chalk of Norwich and Trimmingham 
is, from the evidence of its corals, as well as from the proofs already adduced 
from its Mollusca, on a higher horizon than the Upper Chalk (usually so 
called) in the south-eastern district. The coral evidence brings the Norfolk 
chalk closer in relation with the Faxoe, Rugen, and Ciply deposits f. 
The affinity between Trochosmilia(C.) cornucopie and Ccelosmilia eacavata, 
Hag., sp., a doubtful form, but well drawn by Quenstedt, is evident. It is 
from Rugen and Moen. 7. Wiltshiri and the species Fawjasi, from Ciply, are 
also closely allied. 
The depth of the space between the calicular margin and the top of the 
upper dissepiment in these species indicates that the animal had great mesen- 
teric, ovarian, perigastric, and water systems. They were probably very 
rapid growers. The wall is merged into the costal system, which is strength- 
ened by a most unusual cross-bar and cristiform ornamentation; and this 
development, which is almost epithecal, is complementary to the defective 
endotheca. 
~ Family ASTRAID AL. 
Division TrocHosm1z14. 
Genus Parasmintia. 
MM. Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime described five species of this genus 
from the Upper Chalk, viz.:— 
1. Parasmilia centralis, Mantell, sp. 4. Parasmilia Fittoni, Hd. g- H. 
2. Mantelli, Ed. § H. 5. serpentina, Ed. § H. 
3. cylindrica, Ld. & H. 
t With regard to the depth at which Oculinide and simple corals can live, it has been 
discovered by Dr. Carpenter and Prof. Wyville Thompson that they exist at a depth of 
530 fathoms. 
