ON THE BRITISH FOSSIL CORALS. 93 
P, cylindrica and serpentina are readily distinguished by their external 
shape; but, owing to the polymorphic character of P. centralis, it is by no 
means easy to separate it from P. Mantelli and P. Fittoni. 
Parasmilia Mantelli, Ed. & H., was determined from one specimen alone, 
and it is clearly united to P. centralis by P. Gravesana, Ed. & Haime, of the 
White Chalk of Chalons-sur-Marne and Beauvais (Oise). This species I have 
found in England; and haying had many specimens of P. centralis with cost 
like those of P. Manteili in some parts of the corallum, and normal cost in 
others, I consider P. Mantelli a variety of P. Gravesana, and that this last 
species is a variety of P. centralis, a good subspecies. 
Parasmilia Fittoni, Ed. & H., has a large columella and a definite struc- 
tural distinction in its tertiary coste from P. centralis. 
The new forms I have noticed with the older are shown in the following 
list :— 
1. Parasmilia centralis, Manféell, sp. 3. Parasmilia cylindrica, Ed. ¢ H. 
——, var. Mantelli. 4, serpentina, Duncan. 
— , Subspecies Gravesana, Ed.& H. 5. —— monilis, Duncan. 
2. —— Fittoni, Hd. & H. 6. —— granulata, Duncan. 
Parasmilia monilis, Duncan. 
The corallum is long, much curved, and distorted. It is more or less 
cylindrical above and contracted here and there. Inferiorly it is pedunculate, 
the peduncle being small, curved, and long. The coste are nearly equal on 
the peduncle; there they are rather subcristiform, a secondary crest being 
on the coste ; and in the intercostal spaces there is either a faint ridge or a 
moniliform series of granules. The calice is often smaller than the body, and 
the wall is very thin. The septa are small; and there are four cycles, the 
last cycle being rudimentary. The columella is small. 
The height varies from } inch to 2 inches, and the diameter from 3 to 2 
inch, 
Locality. Gravesend, 
In the collection of the Rev. T. Wiltshire, F.G.S. 
Parasmilia granulata, Duncan. 
The corallum is tall, nearly straight, finely pedunculate, and cylindro- 
conical. The calice is very large, widely open, deep, and has a thin margin. 
The columella is well developed. The septa are barely exsert, reach but 
slightly inwards, but pass downwards at once. They are very unequal, 
alternately large and small, and there are four complete cycles and part of 
the fifth. The coste are subequal near the calice, and the broadest are con- 
tinuous with the smallest septa. On the body the coste are subcristiform 
and in sets of four. On the pedicel they are very granular and very distinct. 
Height 1} inch. Breadth of calice 4 inch. 
In the British Museum, Dixon Collection. 
This species was included by Lonsdale in his genus Monocarya, and was 
termed M. centralis. Parasmilia has the priority as a genus; and the species 
is evidently not P. centralis. The position of the genus Parasmilia is some- 
what like that of Celosmilia ; but MM. Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime 
have created the genus Cylicosmilia for Parasmilie with abundant endotheca. 
Now in careful sections I have found that P. centralis and its varieties have 
endothecal dissepiments reaching close to the calicular fossa. The genus 
must therefore absorb Cylicosmilia ; and C. Altavilensis, Defrance, sp., of the 
Eocene of Hauteville must become Parasmilia Altavilensis, Defrance, sp. 
Reuss has described an Eocene Parasmilia from Monte Grumi which is closely 
allied to the centralis series. : 
