104 REPORT—1868. 
was developed whilst the sediments containing Avicula contorta, the fossils of 
the White Lias, and those of part of the zone of Ammonites planorbis were 
being formed in the north-west of Europe—that the fauna of the A. pla- 
norbis zone was extended westwards, and became more decidedly associated 
with that of the zone of A. angulatus—that the St.-Cassian fauna was re- 
presented more or less in the Azzarola deposits—that the European area 
was not subject to violent disturbances between the deposition of the Azzarola 
beds containing Avicula contorta, and the commencement of the age of Gry- 
phea incurva—that simple bathymetrical changes produced first local, and 
subsequently general modifications of the faunee—that faunze which appear 
to have been consecutive were really synchronous, and that the lifetime of 
the St.-Cassian, Azzarola, Avicula-contorta, and Lower-Lias faunze was em- 
braced in a less extensive period than has usually been admitted. It is of 
the greatest importance to the paleontologist that every objection to the arbi- 
trary classification of systematists in geology should be fully stated; and it is 
very evident that the physical breaks in the Upper Trias, Rheetic, and Lower 
Liassic strata are not accompanied by such decided paleontological changes 
as might be believed to have taken place. 
Corals from the Zone of Ammonites angulatus, Schl. 
There are some highly fossiliferous beds in South Wales, the West of Eng- 
land, the county of Lincoln, and in the North of Ireland which have the 
homotaxis of the typical strata of the continental zone of Ammonites angu- 
latus, viz. the Calcaire de Valogne, the Foie de Veau in the Cote d’Or, and 
the Grés Calcareux in the Duchy of Luxembourg. The strata whence the 
ablest French paleontologists of the present day derived the magnificent 
Lower-Liassic (Infraliassic of some) molluscan fauna are the evident equi- 
valents biologically, and perhaps chronologically of the Sutton stone, the 
conglomeratic deposits at Brocastle, the coralliferous bed at Cowbridge (all 
being in Glamorganshire, and known so thoroughly, thanks to Charles Moore), 
the beds above the White Lias at Marton in Lincolnshire, and some deposits 
at Waterloo, Larne, in the North of Ireland. 
The British and continental deposits contain large numbers of molluscan 
species in common, and not a few Madreporaria; but the British strata were 
soon proved to be very coralliferous, especially in the west. 
The following is a list of the species of corals from the continental zone 
of Ammonites angulatus. 
1. Montlivaltia Sinemuriensis, D’ Ord. 11. Thecosmilia Michelini, Terg. ef Piette. 
2. dentata, De From. et Ferry. 12. coronata, Terg. et Piette. 
3. —— Martini, De From. 13. Septastraa Fromenteli, Terg. e¢ Piette. 
4. —— Rhodana, De From. et Ferry. 14. excavata, De From. 
5. discoidea, Terg. et Piette. 15. Isastraea Condeaua, Chap. et Dew. 
6. —— Haimei, Chap. et Dew. 16. Sinemuriensis, De From. 
7. —— Guettardi, Chap. et Dew. 17. Stylastrzea Sinemuriensis, De From. 
8. —— polymorpha, Zerg. et Piette. 18. —— Martini, De From. 
9. denticulata, De From. et Ferry. 19. Astroccenia Sinemuriensis, D’ Ord, 
10. Thecosmilia Martini, De From. 20. clavellata, Terg. et Piette. 
Probably some of the species of Montlivaltia will have to be absorbed by 
others; but this list, when added to the Table of British Corals from the zone 
of Ammonites angulatus, proves that, instead of the Lias being an uncoralli- 
ferous series, it was quite the contrary. The great development of coral life 
in the Azzarola series, the scanty remains of it in the Western and North- 
western European Avicula-contorta zones, and in the White Lias and in the 
zone of Ammonites planorbis, and the luxuriance of the species in the zone of 
