190 REPORT—1868. 
I. 2. eh 4. ® 6. 
In 1 Hour, 
Fresh bile ......... 0°539 0°663 0°696 1023 1°198 0°824. 
Dry residue ...... o'04.0 0035 0'029 0'049 0057 0042 
In 24. Hours. 
Fresh bile ......... 12936 15912 16°704 | 24°550 28°750 | 19°99 
Dry residue ...... 07960 o'840 0°696 1°176 1'268 0'988 
Daily amount 32°49 17°85 |. 79°51 66°42 
of food per flesh; 1°74.| flesh; | flesh; | flesh; 8°59 
kilogramme bacon and 7°87 8°32 bread 
weight ofdog. butter. milk, | bread. (rye). 
The first column gives the quantity of bile obtained from recently formed 
biliary fistulae, the four following ones the quantity obtained in cases of 
fistulee of some standing, and the sixth gives the average amount of the 
different observations. 4 
Bidder and Schmidt found that the amount of bile secreted in a given 
period varies much in different species of animals. Thus for every kilo- 
gramme of animal there is produced on an average— 
In 1 Hour. 
Cat. Dog. Sheep. | Rabbit. | Goose. Crow. 
0°608 0824. 1'059 5°702 o"4g1 37004 Fluid. 
0°034 0042 0056 O°103 0034. 0219 Solids. 
In 24. Hours. 
Fluid. 
5°256 Solids. 
136°84 
2°47 
11°784. 
0816 
19°990 | 25°416 
0'988 1°344 
14°50 
o°816 
It appears remarkable that the rabbit should secrete five times as much bile 
as the other larger animals do, and that the crow should secrete so much more 
than the goose; but from the manner in which the bile-collections were made, 
little confidence can be placed in these results. They found that the amount — 
of the biliary secretion was much influenced by the quantity and quality of 
the food ard drink. Taking from six ounces to ten ounces of water produces 
a rapid increase of the secretion, attaining its greatest measure in from forty- 
five to sixty-one minutes after it had been taken, and diminishing as rapidly. 
They found that, when the food of cats consisted almost exclusively of fat, 
the secretion of bile was reduced to about the quantity furnished by fasting 
animals. Blondlot (p. 62) says that the use of fat increases the amount of 
bile ; and Ritter and Nasse say that the addition of fat to the food increases 
the secretion—at least when the supply of flesh at the same time is not great. 
Bidder and Schmidt also ascertained that the quantity of the biliary secretion 
varies at different periods of the digestive process, and that it attained its 
maximum thirteen to fifteen hours after a meal. On this point it may be 
here observed that Arnold supposed it to reach its maximum two to four 
hours after solid food was taken, Kolliker and Miiller generally from five to 
eight hours, and Dr. Flint from two to eight hours. Dr. Dalton, from ob- 
servations made on a case of duodenal fistula, thinks biliary secretion is at 
its maximum an hour after feeding. Ritter and Nasse, like Arnold, re- 
marked two maxima in the course of the day—the first occurring during the 
