258 REPORT—1868. 
Microciona levis, Bow. ? Halichondria Batei, Bow. 
—— ambigua, Bow. albula, Bow. 
simplicissima, Bow. inornata, Bow. 
Hymeraphia vermiculata, Bow. —— mutulus, Bow. 
coronula, Bow. falceula, Bow. 
Hymedesmia radiata, Bow. Isodictya varians, Bow. 
Zetlandica, Bow. jugosa, Bow. 
occulta, Bow. —— Barleei, Bow. 
Hymeniacidon reticulatus, Bow. —— fimbriata, Bow. 
perarmatus, Bow. Raphioderma coacervata, Bow. 
membrana, Bow. Oceanapia Jeffreysii (Bow.). 
aupertas, Bow. Desmacidon Peachii, Bow. 
Halichondria forcipis, Bow. constrictus, Bow. 
—— simplex, Bow. Diplodemia vesicula, Bow. 
scandens, Bow. Verongia Zetlandica, Bow. 
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Mediterranean Species which occur in Shetland, but have not been found at 
intermediate localities. 
Two large and conspicuous animals, Portunus tuberculatus, Roux, and 
Spatangus meridionalis, Risso, have been found abundantly in these dredgings 
at a depth from eighty to one hundred and forty fathoms. They are well 
known in the south of Europe, but were supposed up to the time of their 
discovery in Shetland not to occur north of the Mediterranean. It is not 
unlikely that Pagurus tricarinatus, Norman, will also prove to be a deep- 
water Mediterranean form. All deep-water dredging seems to establish this 
fact more clearly, that deep-water species have a much more extended geo- 
graphical range than shallow-water and littoral forms. These Mediterranean 
species must have made their way northwards in the abyss of the sea round 
the western coast of Ireland, in which locality they will doubtless at some 
future day be found. The classes on which it is my lot to report have been 
so much neglected, and our knowledge therefore of their distribution is at 
present so extremely limited, that it is at present impossible to draw any 
satisfactory conclusions as to their range; but I feel satisfied that when 
hereafter fuller and more accurate investigation shall have been carried on 
both in the Mediterranean and our own coasts, not only will the number of 
species common to the two extremities of Europe be found to be much greater 
than is now generally supposed, but also that a very large proportion of such 
species will prove to be forms which will be met with in the depths of the 
Mediterranean and of the seas to the west and north of our country, but 
which will be found to be absent from the channels which intersect and the 
shallower water which immediately surrounds our islands. Meanwhile the 
occurrence of Portunus tuberculatus and Spatangus meridionalis is of excessive 
interest, as such fine and handsome species could not haye been well over- 
looked, or have failed to attract attention in any portion of the sea which 
has been at all efficiently dredged*. 
The contents of the three Tables (IY., V., and VI.) added together give the 
* The following northern Mollusca have been identified by Mr. Jeffreys from the 
Mediterranean, but are not known elsewhere south of the north of Scotland or Shetland 
Sea:—Pecten aratus, P. vitreus, Lima Sarsii, Leda pygmea, Scissurella ecrispata, Aclis 
Walleri, Cerithiwm metula, &e.; the occurrence also of the following in the Mediterranean 
is very unexpected :—Terebratula caput-serpentis, Crania anomala, Pecten septemradiatus, 
Awinus Croulinensis, Chiton Hanleyi, Propilidium aneyloides, Rissoa abyssicola, Scalaria 
Trevelyana, Odostomia Scille, Bulla utriculus, &e, 
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