58 REPORT—1868. 
for the Royal Agricultural Society (1847), it was the adoption of a theory gui- 
ding his observations that enabled him to disentangle and harmonize all that mass 
of confused materials (Drift) which till then had so perplexed him ; “‘ each part then 
soon fell into its appropriate place.” In this case, fortunately, the adopted theory 
was right, namely, submergence and emergence—that the accumulations of the 
erratic group indicate a long period of accumulation over a terrestrial surface, 
followed by denudation as it rose again. For the whole of the period and its pro- 
ducts, he proposed two groups of Drift—a lower and an upper. He seems to me to 
have recognized certain distinctive characters in the Lower Drift, which are the 
indications of the different conditions of accumulation concerned, such as “ the 
masses of fragmentary chalk, with little or no admixture of other matter,” “ angu~ 
lar fragments, very slightly water-worn,” and, on the other hand, the “ detritus 
from greater distances ;” the transfer of this chalk material in the direction of Cro- 
mer had not escaped him. 
Mr. Searles Wood, jun., had proposed for the “Drift or Glacial” series of the 
upper Kainozoic period an upper and a lower; he subsequently subdivided the 
lower, whence resulted :— 
feet. 
1. Upper Drift, or Boulder-clay, maximum thickness.... 160+ 
2. Middle Drift, maximum thickness ..............200+ 70 
8. Lower Drift (boulder, till, and contorted beds of Cromer) 150+ 
The Lower Drift immediately overlies the Chalk, except near this place, where it 
has what has been designated as the “ Norwich Crag” at its base, the inland 
facies of this division being a mass of merely remanié chalk rubble, without 
any admixture of other materials; this facies does not extend east of Norwich. 
Beyond and on to the coast the Lower Drift is of sand; above, on the coast 
section, is a blue till with boulders, horizontally bedded, passing up into very con- 
torted beds. These lower sands west of Cromer contain the débris of the under- 
lying Lignite beds. In the case of the inland, as of the coast-line facies, the 
character of the accumulation is immediately dependent on the subjacent beds. 
When we bear in mind that previously to the accumulation of this Drift-series 
the boundary line of the Nummulitic formation by Sudbury and Ipswich had 
been well defined, and consequently that High Suffolk and Norfolk presented a 
range of bare chalk hills, we are prepared to adopt the supposition of Mr. 8. 
Wood, jun., and refer this division of the series to the agencies of subaérial 
glaciation. 
C. PosTGLaciaL, 
In the Nar valley, which joins the Ouse at Lynn, is met with a well-known set 
of marine depositions of this age. They extend some nine miles along its course, 
and occupied what must have been a creek at the time when the whole of the Bed- 
ford level was sea—an inland extension of the Wash. Mr. Rose called attention to 
this stage of the Kainozoic series in 1836, and assigned it to its true position. This 
deposit, which is 40 feet in thickness and 60 above the present sea-level, contains 
27 species of testacea, all of which are also North-Sea shells. 
These subjects have engaged many speculative and ingenious minds, from the 
middle of the last century, down to those now actively at work here—such as 
Arderen, William Smith the father of Geology, the Taylors, Robberds, the 
Woodwards (of whom four generations), Clarke, Mitchell, Trimmer, Gunn, Osmond 
Fisher. But I should be wanting to the place in which we are now met, wholly 
unworthy to fill this chair, wanting to the great subject which assembles so 
many here, wholly forgetful of my own obligations, if I were not mindful that 
Norwich may claim with Cambridge joint ownership in the Woodwardian Pro- 
fessor—the Rey. Canon Sedgwick. 
Notes on the Fossils from the Old Red Sandstone of Kiltorcan Hill, County 
Kilkenny. By Wu. Hettrer Baty, F£.L.S., F.GS., §e. 
With reference to the plant-remains, Dr. W. P. Schimper has communicated to 
me some important information. He remarks that the fructified leaves of Cyclo- 
