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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 163 
the best and most novel parts of the scheme. The particular result, so far as 
the Admiralty is concerned, is that in future when the Tiause votes money it will 
practically ensure its proper appropriation, and the given cost of ships built and re- 
paired must balance zn each yard certain sums of money, as voted or arranged and 
tabulated in the estimates when voted by the House ; therefore in future it will be 
impossible for the Admiralty to add or omit items at pleasure from their given 
cost of ships. The importance of this will be at once seen when we consider that 
a ship costing £100,000, reckoned as the Admiralty reckoned up to 1861, would be 
given as costing £120,000, reckoned as the Admiralty reckoned from 1861 to 1864, 
and from £140,000 to £160,000 reckoned as in 1864-65 and 1865-66 ; or, in other 
words, of the £11,000,000 voted for the whole naval service, it was in the power 
of the Admiralty to make out their accounts of the cost of ships so that it might 
appear that they had spent £2,000,000 only for ship-building, when £3,000,000 
had been actually expended, or vice versd. 
Finally, the great practical result that is to be expected from this reversing of the 
revious system is, that a competition in efficiency and cost will be established 
etween manufactory and manufactory, between yard and yard, which was wanting 
before, and that in future Devonport’s or any otheryard’s economy shall not be hidden 
and taxed to hide and to pay for Portsmouth’s or any other yard’s extravagance. 
On Educational Endowments. By J. G. Frron, one of the Assistant Conmis- 
stoners of the late Schools-Inquiry Commission. 
The Commission had been presided oyer by Lord 'Taunton, and had presented 
an elaborate report within the last year. It had not been instructed to inquire into 
those endowments which were designed to promote elementary education, nor 
into those of the nine great foundation schools, including Eton, Harrow, and Win- 
chester. Its work had extended over the whole of the vast field of investigation 
lying between these two extremes; and within this area it had found no less than 
820 endowed foundations which had been intended to give, or which were now 
actually giving secondary or higher education. The gross annual revenue of the 
charities to which these schools belong is £336,201. But of this sum a part is 
appropriated to the maintenance of almshouses or other eleemosynary objects, and 
that income, after all deductions are made for management, amounts to £195,184 
for the maintenance of the schools, besides £14,264 in the form of exhibitions, 
generally intended for the use of such pupils as proceed to the universities. These 
sums, however, represent very inadequately the resources of the foundation schools; 
for besides these there is in nearly every case a freehold school-room, besides 
ounds and a dwelling-house or houses for the master and for the reception of 
amdors All this is, of course, additional to any fees which may be charged to 
parents, and may be considered as a provision either for enabling scholars to 
obtain superior education without payment, or at least for cheapening education 
for those who could only afford to pay a portion of its market price. The amount 
of endowment varies considerably. The richest foundation in the kingdom is 
Christ’s Hospital, with a net income of £42,000, while a few are endowed with 
nothing more than a small tenement which serves as a school-house, and a rent- 
charge of £5 or £10 per annum, There are nine foundations with incomes exceedin 
£2000, thirteen others with upwards ot £1000, fifty-five with less than £1000 an 
more than £500, 222 with less than £500 but more than £100, while the remainder 
are endowed with less than £100 per annum each. Similar inequalities appear in 
the local distribution of the schools, although the modern facilities of communica- 
tion render this a minor evil, one which scarcely calls for a remedy, except so far 
as day schools are concerned. Yet the Commissioners report that in the London 
district the net sum arising from grammar-school endowments is £56,000 ;. in 
Yorkshire, upwards of £18,000; in Lancashire, £9000; Lincolnshire, £7000; 
while Cornwall, which stands lowest on the list of counties, has no more than 
£400, and buildings of very little value. But the most serious revelations of the 
Commissioners relate to the educational condition of the schools. On this point 
the evidence is very copious, occupying nearly twenty volumes, and it is almost 
ata; 
