174 REPORT—1868. 
recommend the pound. As a step in advance, it recommended a mode of har- 
monizing the diferent systems in existence, according to which we should alter 
the pound to 25 francs exactly, instead of 25 francs, 20 cents., as it is now intrin- 
sically worth. Can this be done? Should this compromise be accepted, the 
evil was, that it would cause a great change in all the monetary systems. It 
would require us to lower, though in an infinitesimal manner, the gold standard, 
and yet leave all the existing units in existence. The accounts would still he 
kept in different ways, the divisional coins would in nowise agree, and we should 
not geta good decimal coinage. The author thought that the 10-frane piece in gold, 
of the value of 100 new pence (slightly diminished in their present relative yalue), 
with the unit of 100 francs, or £4, for larger financial operations, was the best 
unit offered for all nations. Such a unit, divided into ten silyer pieces of 10d. 
each, would give also an excellent decimal coinage, producing immense facilities in 
education and great ease in calculations. And in that way we should have one unit 
identically alike everywhere, instead of the 100 units now in existence, and the 
identity would be obtained, not only in the gold unit, but in its subordinate coins 
of silver and copper. Allowing that the International Monetary Congress had 
immensely advanced the question, he trusted that the Report of the Royal Com- 
missioners would recommend the holding of another conference for the purpose of 
considering the possibility of agreeing in one common system of coinage, instead 
of the proposod adaptation of many systems. 
Some Statistics relating to the Civil Service. By Horacr Many. 
The object of the paper was to supply a few tacts and figures, so that outsiders 
might obtain a notion of the Civil Service. This was done under the heads of 
the numerical force of the service, the number of its departments, its nomencla- 
ture, remunerations, pares examinations, scheries of examination, and limits 
of age. The paper concluded by the expression of the belief that it had made 
confusion conspicuous, and had indicated a picture of disorder, the natural result 
of a disintegrated service. The paper would fail of its desion if it did not leave 
on the mind an impression, however faint, of the Civil Service as a chaotie mass 
of unorganized elements—an aggregate of separate departments, governed in many 
points by no common principles—with different kinds of work for the same kind of 
officer, and with varying nomenclature, varying remuneration, varying standards of 
examination, and varying practice as to the mode of appointment, all these varia- 
tions being out of all proportion with the real variations existing in the subject- 
matter dealt with. What would be the appropriate remedy for some, at least, 
of the evils of this state of things was a question which must be reserved for 
another opportunity. 
On the Influence of Ocewpation upon Health. 
By Francis G. P. Nutson, Jun., A.A. 
This paper was a brief summary of the results of the author’s labours in con- 
nexion with the influence of various occupations upon health, as demonstrated by 
the following eight different combinations of occupations, exhibiting (1) the in- 
fluence of factory occupations upon the health of those engaged in them; (2) the 
remarkable superiority in health of those engaged in domestic service over those 
in the same occupations not so situated; (3) the influence of underground oceu- 
pations upon health; (4) the mortality among the professions; (5) the high 
mortality of those trades connected with animal food; (6) the mortality of 
occupations in connexion with railways; (7) the remarkable coincidence in the 
mortality of those working or engaged in communication with the different metals 
of iron, tin, lead, and copper, no matter how different, in other respects, the oc- 
eupations might be, as iron-miners and ironmongers, for instance, and therefore 
the apparent influence that these metals have upon those connected with them; 
(8) and, lastly, the influence of drinks and stimulants upon health. Besides 
these combinations of occupation, many of the trades composing them were re- 
viewed separately. 
