196 
capacity as a shell; and, third, that its form renders it useless for penetration under 
water. Ifthe First Lord of the Admiralty would have a few rounds fired at sea 
from the Whitworth 7-in. gun and the Woolwich 7-in gun, with each kind of 
projectile, at a range of, say, 500 yards, and at various angles, against an armour 
plate fixed on the side of an old ship, the result would show which description of 
projectile was the best adapted for the service. This power of penetration under 
water, with the flat-fronted projectile, was first brought by Mr. Whitworth under 
the notice of the War Office and the Admiralty in 1857, simultaneously with the 
introduction of armour plating; and, by desire of the late Lord Hardinge, who 
Year. Royal. 
1830. 734 
1831. 753 
1832. 748 
1833. 747 
1834. 77° 
1835. 793 
1836. 793 
1837. 798 
1838. 789 
1839. 809 
1840. 812 
1841. 827 
1842. 825 
1843. 830 
1844. 824. 
1845. $28 
1846. 841 
1847. *828 
1848. $12 
1849. $08 
1850. 798 
1861. 777 
1852. 767 
1853. 761 
1854. 745 
1855. 729 
1856. 720 
13857. 715 
1858. 706 
1859. 691 
1860. 673 
1861. 661 
1862. 660 
1863. 657 
1864. 655 
1865. 639 
1866, 626 
1367. 617 
1868. 600 
Statistical. 
Royal 
Astronomical. 
* In 1847 the new rule was introduced by which not more than 15 Fellows are elected 
annually, exclusive of special elections of Peers and Members of the Privy Council. 
REPORT—1868. 
Chemical. 
Relative progress of the 
Geological. 
617 
650 
649 
716 
745 
774 
$10 
807 
831 
855 
862 
865 
868 
883 
875 
883 
894 
897 
899 
838 
825 
$64. 
$66 
871 
834. 
375 
868 
877 
$72 
9°7 
922 
ose 
Antiquaries. 
849 
367 
838 
483 
832 
837 
828 
810 
769 
820 
$28 
784 
780 
764. 
736 
650 
642 
656 
584 
564 
546 
537 
524 
