12 University of California Publications in Zoology. {Vou 
Dry LAKE. 
At 9000 feet altitude, situated among the ridges at almost the 
very base of San Gorgonio peak, and almost due north of it, les 
Dry lake. It is so called because during dry seasons what water 
there is seeps away entirely through the loose moraine material 
composing its basin. But during 1905, 1906, and 1907 the lake 
has been constantly full, and overflowing most of the time in 
summer. The outlet ravine leads down into the South fork of the 
Santa Ana. Within half a mile to the westward is a series of low 
intersecting moraine-like ridges, of granite blocks and weathered 
detritus, with intervening basins, though the latter probably never 
held water because of the porosity of the ground. Over fully a 
square mile there is no sien of a drainage channel. I am unable 
to explain these peculiar surface features, except by the action of 
glaciers. Yet I saw no polished rock surfaces or strize which I 
should expect to show plainly in a recently glaciated region. Over 
this broken stretch and around three sides of Dry lake, extends 
an almost continuous, though not dense, growth of tamarack pine 
with a scanty undergrowth of chinquapin, though often the forest 
floor is bare of any vegetation whatever for long stretches. On 
the remaining side of the lake this Canadian forest is broken by 
an upper Transition intrusion along the sun-facing slope of the 
ridge to the northward. Yellow pines, silver firs, and heavy 
manzanita brush (Arctostaphylos patula) characterize this en- 
croachment of the lower zone. On the east side of the lake the 
shore is low and gravelly, with many dead tamaracks, killed by 
submergence, fallen or standing. This is also the most open and 
warmest side (next to the water), and insects, alex seum, and 
eood drinking places make it a point of attraction at some time 
during the day for most of the birds of the neighborhood. By 
watehine this meeea, from a place of concealment behind the 
brushy top of a fallen pine, one ean detect the presence of species 
which would be far less easy to find in the woods. Birds are 
not numerous in the tamarack pine forest. The following species 
were found in the pure Boreal zone of the near vicinity of Dry 
lake: western chipping sparrow, Mexican erossbill, mountain 
chiekadee, Sierra hermit thrush, Townsend solitaire, gray fly- 
