1908] Grinnell_—Biota of the San Bernardino Mountains. 9 
SEVEN OAKS. 
Seven Oaks is a summer resort on the upper Santa Ana at an 
elevation of 5000 feet. It is at the north base of San Bernardino 
peak, on the opposite side of the stream. To the northward rises 
the ridge separating the upper Santa Ana valley from Bear val- 
ley. Faunally Seven Oaks is practically on the border between 
Upper Sonoran and lower Transition. In the immediate vicinity 
of the group of cabins and tent-houses constituting the resort, 
the Upper Sonoran elements prevail, as they do even more purely 
on the south-facing slopes of the valley side to the north. North- 
facing slopes and ravines, on the contrary, are almost pure lower 
Transition. In the near neighborhood of Seven Oaks the follow- 
ing are some of the more conspicuous trees: Coulter pine, yellow 
pine, big-cone spruce, black oak, golden oak, serub oak, cotton- 
wood, alder, the latter forming a dense interlacing canopy over 
most of the stream courses, willows, of at least two species, and 
Upper Sonoran species of ceanothus and manzanita. 
In such an intermediate region, zonally, it is not surprising to 
find a peculiar association of birds. The following are the more 
abundant of those I have reason to believe to breed in the neigh- 
borhood, that is, within a mile, say, of the resort: western robin, 
western gnateatcher, California bush-tit, western wood pewee, 
Triall flyeatcher, western warbling vireo, Cassin vireo, violet- 
ereen swallow, western bluebird, western chipping sparrow, San 
Diego song sparrow, spurred towhee, California purple finch, 
hnnet, Bullock oriole, California yellow warbler, black-throated 
gray warbler, Parkman wren, Nuttall woodpecker, Sierra sap- 
sucker, San Diego wren, lutescent warbler, black-headed grosbeak, 
Lawrence goldfinch, blue-fronted jay, and Cooper hawk. Among 
reptiles, the fence lizard, horned toad, and brown-shouldered liz- 
ard are common, all being Sonoran species. Wood rats (Neotoma 
}. mohavensis) are extremely common; and other mammals num- 
erous in the locality are Peromyscus boylii, ground squirrel, the 
Merriam chipmunk (Eutamias merriami), Perognathus californi- 
cus dispar, skunk (Mephitis occidentalis holzneri), fox (Urocyon 
californicus), gopher (Thomomys altivallis), brown bat (Vesper- 
tilio fuscus), and mole (Scapanus latimanus). These lists, it 
