1908] Grinnell—Biota of the San Bernardino Mountains. 101 
Birds-of-the-year in full first annual plumage differ from 
the above deseribed only in being less of a clear slate-gray dor- 
sally, there being a slightly more hair-brown east to the dark 
parts of the plumage generally; the wings and tail are slightly 
brighter, being left over from the juvenal crop of feathers. 
The spring or nuptial plumage of this species is the same as 
the fresh fall (annual) plumage described above, except for 
changes due to fading and abrasion. Taking as an example No. 
6547, male, South Fork, 8500 feet, June 27, 1905: The wings 
and tail are paler, more of a prouts brown shade, evidently due 
to fading; the dorsal slatiness is not quite so clear, due both to 
fading and abrasion; the spots below are much smaller, and act- 
ually fewer in number, for abrasion has removed a certain 
amount of the ends of the feathers, so that the originally small 
spots have disappeared altogether, and the rest are much smaller; 
in some cases the centers of the ends of the feathers have worn 
back farther than the lateral edges, so that the remainder of the 
original deltoid spot has become harpoon-shaped, the point of the 
harpoon of course anteriorly directed; as is usual with ground- 
and-grass-frequenting birds, the ends of all exposed feathers are 
much frayed. 
Female, juvenal (tail- and wing-quills not yet fully grown 
out) ; No. 6732; Bluff lake, July 16, 1905. 
has the usual soft fluffy texture, common to this stage. The 
The body-plumage 
wing- and tail-quills, wing-coverts and rump are brighter walnut 
brown than in the adult; the back and top of head lack most of 
the slaty color, being dark prouts brown with sooty tips to the 
feathers; this sootiness is most pronounced on the top and sides 
of the head; the ground color beneath is dull grayish-white, be- 
coming buffy posteriorly; the crissum is clear cream-buff with- 
out any markings; the deltoid markings of the adult over the 
breast are replaced by smaller, less clear-cut terminal spots, 
which become narrow shaft-streaks on the flanks: the under sur- 
face of the juvenal thus presents a dull brownish mottled ap- 
pearance rather than a white surface flecked with clear-cut del- 
toid slaty spots. 
It may be suggestive to note that in its brighter brown color 
on wings and tail the young of this species approaches the adult 
