1910] Heller—Mammals: Alaska Expedition, 1908. 353 
The most abundant shrub of the region. Flourishes best on 
snow-slides where the stiff, scantily leaved stalks hold absolute 
possession of large areas. Extensive patches occur in the littoral 
zone on gravelly flats and wherever the forest has been removed 
This omnipresent shrub borders all water courses and also forms 
a seattered growth throughout the forests. Above timber-line 
it flourishes, being one of the hardiest pioneers and following 
closely the snow-slides to the limit of vegetation. Large areas 
of it in these altitudes remain buried beneath the snow most of 
the year, often receiving less than two months of freedom an- 
nually. Very seldom do these plants have an opportunity of 
maturing fruit in such short intervals. It is not unusual to 
find these snow-shide thickets late in summer in blossom or just 
leafing out, at a time when the more favorably located bushes of 
the lower altitudes are bearing mature fruit. (Nos. 23, 44.) 
Rubus pedatus Smith. 
Of common occurrence in the forest where it forms a delicate 
tracery on the moss. (No. 61.) 
Rubus arcticus L. 
Found growing in the littoral zone about Cordova Bay, on 
Montague Island and at Port Nell Juan. (No. 37.) 
Pyrus sitchensis (Roem.) Piper. Mountain Ash. 
Occurs seatteringly along the edges of the forest, tundras and 
streams everywhere. Occasionally individuals were observed on 
land slips amid the alders and stink currants. Nowhere was 
this shrub found in masses or clusters, but only as solitary imdi- 
viduals. (No. 45.) 
Pyrus diversifolia Bong. Crab Apple. 
Praetieally identical in habits and occurrence with the last. 
It was, however, somewhat more generally distributed. (No. 7.) 
Lathyrus maritimus Bigel. 
Specimens of this plant, which is characteristic of the littoral 
zone and is partial to salt-water influence, were gathered on the 
beach of Hanning Bay, Montague Island. (No. 41.) 
Lupinus nootkatensis Donn. Lupine. 
Lupines of this species are a characteristic element of the - 
flora above timber-line. Specimens were collected on Montague 
Island. (No. 31.) 
