358 University of California Publications in Zoology. (Vou. 
portions of this coast strip are greater than those shown by the 
records of rainfall, but nevertheless surprisingly small, averaging 
only about 10° lower at Prince William Sound than on the coast 
of Washington. This small difference in temperature is remark- 
able in view of the great difference in latitude of these localities. 
The great bulk of the animal life is confined to the forest 
area of the Hudsonian Zone. The mammals characteristic of 
this area are: Sciurus hudsonicus petulans, Evotomys dawson 
orca and EH. dawsoni insularis, Erethizon epixanthwm myops, 
Mustela americana, Ursus americanus, and Myotis lucifugus. 
Other species which oceur chiefly in the forest are: Microtus 
elymocetes, Putorius alascensis and two species of Sorex. <A 
large majority of the birds are confined to this area. The mam- 
mals confined to the littoral and riparian areas are Microtus 
kadiacensis, Synaptomys dalli, Lutreola vison melampeplus, 
Lutra canadensis, and Ursus dalli. Sorex personatus streatori 
and S. obscurus alascensis are abundant in this area. The most 
characteristic bird is the song sparrow which is not found away 
from the beach patches of Elymus. The northwest crow and 
Alaska bald eagle are also strictly littoral species. 
The Arctic-Alpine Zone includes all the country above timber- 
line. The vegetation of this area consists chiefly of perennial 
herbs and small shrubs. These hardy plants form a narrow 
zone between timber-line and the lower limits of perpetual snow. 
The characteristic shrubs found in the region are the heathers, 
Phyllodoce and Harrimanella. Alnus sitchensis, Ribes bracteo- 
sum, Vaccinium ovalifolium, and Rubus spectabilis are the prin- 
cipal species which invade this zone from the forest area below. 
The characteristic herbaceous plants of the region above timber- 
line are Spirea pectinata, Lupinus nootkatensis, Sedum roseum, 
Valeriana sitchensis, and a yellow-flowered Castilleja. 
The mammals characteristic of the Aretic-Alpine are Oream- 
nos, Marmota caligata, and Citellus plesius ablusus. Occasion- 
ally Microtus invades this zone; but except on Montague Island 
this genus oecurs here sparingly. 
The characteristic birds are rock ptarmigan, Hepburn leu- 
costicte, and pipit. The rough-legged hawk seems to be confined 
to this zone, at least using it as its chief hunting-ground. 
