382 University of California Publications in Zoology. |Vou.9 
Remarks.—In the above description comparison is made with 
Canachites from the Yukon Valley (8 examples from Forty-mile, 
Nulato, and Russian Mission), and from the Kowak Valley (21 
examples). The characters adduced are the result of careful 
scrutiny and represent average conditions as I can best judge 
of them. In nearly all of the characters there is sufficient range 
in individual variation to bring about overlapping, but not to 
the same degree in all characters at once; so that there is no 
example of atratus which cannot be distinguished from any one 
of osgoodi. One character, the blackness of the upper tail coy- 
erts in the male, is absolutely constant in the five males of atratus, 
and is without duplicate in any one of the 16 males of osgoodi. 
A comparison with C. c. canace (from Michigan) shows the 
female of the latter to have far more extensive and deep-toned 
ochraceous markings, with the black barrings, especially below, 
narrower and interrupted on each feather, so that a spotty effect 
results rather than a complete barring. The male of canace is 
quite similar to that of afratus, though minor differences are 
apparent. For instance the browns are everywhere deeper toned 
in canace, and the black areas on corresponding individual feath- 
ers of the lower surface are less extensive. 
As regards ©. c. canadensis, I have no material of the race 
for comparison. Bishop, in deseribing C. c. osgoodi (Auk XVII, 
April, 1900, pp. 114, 115), states that “‘two adult females of 
labradorius |= canadensis|* from Mr. Bangs’s collection are far 
closer to canadensis |==canace|' than to osgoodi. Osgoodi in 
spring has the buff of the entire plumage much paler, and the 
oray tips of the upper parts, especially the rump and tail-coverts, 
paler gray, and not the bluish gray of labradorius. In worn 
breeding plumage the difference between the two forms is far 
more striking, osgoodi having the white tips below broader, the 
buff markings far paler throughout, and replacing the buff bars 
of the abdomen, cervix and rump with grayish white.’’ It is 
obvious from this, that the characters of atratus do not duplicate 
those of canadensis [== ‘‘labradorius’’], although atratus is less 
eray than osgoedi. 
1 Interpolations mine, to indicate accordance with latest usage. 
