1910] Grinnell—Birds: Alaska Expedition, 1908. 393 
amples of trailli from California it has the whole back and sides 
of a decided green cast; flanks and erissum strongly washed with 
greenish yellow; bill smaller; wing longer. 
Mr. Frank M. Chapman has recorded Empidonax ‘‘trailli’’ 
from the Kenai Peninsula (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 
240). Through his courtesy I have examined the specimen (no. 
76366, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.) upon which his determination was 
based. As compared with our Cordova specimen, the Kenai 
bird is not so green, and might be considered intermediate be- 
tween alnorum and trailli; but it has just as heht wing bars as 
the former, and the decidedly small bill of the former. I there- 
fore would have no hesitancy in classifying it with alnorum 
rather than with trailli. 
Pica pica hudsonia (Sabine). Black-billed Magpie. 
The five magpies secured (nos. 1234-1238) were all obtained 
on Montague Island, July 12, 23, and 30. They are all juvenals, 
and none of them full grown; at least the tails are not of full 
length. These specimens show a conspicuous amount of sooty 
and brownish suffusion on the scapulars and abdomen. In six 
out of seven juvenal magpies from Nevada and eastern Oregon, 
the same areas are conspicuously pure white. One, however, 
from Nevada, has as much dusky obscuration as in three of the 
Montague specimens, and more than in one of the Montague 
birds (no. 1237). The extreme dark Montague examples are 
so diverse from the ordinary white-bellied magpies that here 
would seem to be another good ease of darkening under the 
effects of humid climate, as with the woodpeckers. But there 
is not enough material at hand to prove a satisfactory average. 
And, furthermore, I have examined no adults from the humid 
coast belt of Alaska. The amount of white on the primaries 
seems to be dependent wholly upon age. Magpies from any 
region, previous to the first (complete) annual molt, that is, 
until they are about 16 months old, have far less of this white 
than subsequently. 
This conspicuous bird was met with nowhere else as com- 
monly as on Montague Island. At McLeod Bay, at the southern 
end of that island, several appeared within twenty feet of the 
