a 
Fuly 2, 1885] 
and trawlings along the American coast are specially im- 
portant, bringing to light many new forms belonging to 
nearly all the invertebrate groups, and the first specimens 
of a new genus of nearly blind fish (Bathyfterors). A 
résumé of all that has been added to our knowledge of 
the radiolaria is here inserted, with some excellent wood- 
cuts which bring the structures of these beautiful organ- 
isms clearly before the eyes. On the way to Tristan da 
Cunha another new genus of fish (/pzops, Fig. 2) is 
brought up having a quite unique structure of eye which 
appears to be designed for detecting the presence of very 
small quantities of light at great depths, at the expense of 
all apparatus for forming an image. From Tristan da 
Cunha, of which an interesting description is given with 
- good illustrations, the section of the South Atlantic is 
continued to the Cape of Good Hope. The tow-nets did 
not yield such a rich assemblage of life as in the more 
tropical parts of the ocean, but the account of this 
section is enlivened by a summary from Dr. Hjalmar 
Théel of Upsala, giving the results of his examination of 
the holothurioidea collected during the whole cruise. One 
of the curious new forms described by him is shown in 
Fig. 3. From the Cape of Good Hope the Challenger 
strikes away south-eastward into the Antarctic regions, 
but a notice of the further progress of the cruise must be 
reserved till next week. 
(To be continued.) 
NOTES 
Tue death is announced at Lund, Sweden, of the distinguished 
physicist, Prof. A. W. Eklund, at the age of ninety years. 
WE learn from Sezence that at the meeting of the American 
Association at Ann Arbor on August 26, the University will 
furnish electricity, either from a dynamo, from a storage-battery, 
or from primary batteries, as may be needed by members read- 
ing papers on electrical subjects. An evening reception ona 
day not specified will be given the association at the court-house, 
together with a lawn-party on the University grounds at the 
close of one of the regular sessions. The Excursions Com- 
mittee has nearly completed arrangements for a trip, free of all 
expense, to the Saginaw Valley, including a steamboat run 
down the river, and view of the cities of Saginaw, East Saginaw, 
Bay City, and West Bay City, and the enormous industries in 
salt and lumber manufacture which have given the Saginaw 
Valley a world-wide celebrity. This valley produces annually a 
billion feet of lumber, and the excursionists will see half a billion 
piled on the docks. In conjunction with these vast lumber 
operations will be seen the production of salt on a scale un- 
equalled in the world, and employing the various improved pro- 
cesses. The Committee has also arranged for excursions to 
Detroit and Mackinack Island, with side trips to Salt Marie, 
Pectoskey, and Marquette. Those wishing to make any special 
inquiries or arrangements should address Prof. J. W. Langley, 
local secretary, Ann Arbor. 
A BARONETCY has been conferred upon Mr. Isaac Lowthian 
Bell. 
THE Indian Government has sent a geological surveyor to 
report on the scientific aspects of the Cashmere earthquake of May 
13. Further shocks are reported with renewed violence on June 
24and25. A correspondent ofa Calcutta journal, writing on the 
second day after the first great shock, says that the force of the 
earthquake appeared to have concentrated itself at certain spots, 
nd there to have spent itself. These spots look as though a 
large amount of gaseous matter under the earth had, with the 
strength of dynamite, been struggling for an outlet, and had 
torn and lacerated the ground at the point where it found an 
exit. Thus villages are seen with the huts all destroyed, the 
NATURE 
207 
earth adjacent being cracked and split, and the air putrescent 
from the bodies of cattle buried under the houses, while not 
twenty yards distant a sloping, wooded hill seems untouched. 
In other places the side of a vertically-scarped hill has been 
sliced off as if by the guillotine, the earth so severed lying at 
the base. Some hill-sides are only partially disconnected, and 
a deep incision remains. Other hills present the appearance of 
an ordinary landslip. Near the village of Lalledourah three 
enormous chasms have been formed, one about three-quarters of 
a mile broad and 20 feet deep. Not far distant a tract of land 
800 yards square has subsided, forming a trench 100 yards long, 
50 feet deep, and 30 feet wide. The latest returns regarding 
the damage give the loss of life at 3081 persons, besides 25,000 
sheep and goats and Sooo cattle. The number of dwellings 
destroyed is estimated at 75,000. 
A VIOLENT shock of earthquake was felt at Douai, Dognies, 
and Flers-en-Escrebieux on Wednesday, June 22. The pheno- 
menon was preceded by a rumbling sound, which is described 
as having resembled the distant report of a cannon. It occurred 
at ten minutes past four in the morning, when most of the 
inhabitants were still in bed. Many of them were awoke by 
the shock, and were so alarmed that they rushed in their night- 
clothes out of their houses into the streets and roads. The 
oscillation of the ground stopped a great many of the clocks. 
No very serious damage was done. 
Tue New York correspondent of the Sfandard telegraphs that 
the receipts from Prof. Tyndall’s lectures in the States in the 
year 1872 now amount to a fund of 32,400 dollars. The Professor 
desired that the money should be devoted to the sustentation of 
science fellowships ; but a difficulty arose in satisfying the con- 
ditions of the deed of gift, and meanwhile the money has 
accumulated. Acting, however, upon a suggestion from the 
trustees of the fund, Prof. Tyndall has now directed that the 
money shall be equally divided between the Universities of 
Columbia, Harvard, and Pennsylvania. 
THE ninth anniversary meeting of the Sanitary Institute of 
Great Britain will be held, by the kind permission of the Board 
of Managers of the Royal Institution, in their Lecture Theatre, 
Albemarle Street, on Thursday, July 9, at 3 p.m. The chair 
will be taken by Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., DiGaL:; 
F.R.S. An address will be delivered by Prof. W. H. Corfield, 
M.A., M.D., entitled ‘‘The Water Supply of Ancient Roman 
Cities,” and the medals and certificates awarded to the success- 
ful exhibitors at the Exhibition held at Dublin, in 1884, will be 
presented. 
Tue Organising Committee of the General Meeting of the 
Italian Meteorological Society, which meets in Florence from 
September 8 to 14, was held on May 15, under the Presidency 
of Prince Corsini, who was elected President of the General 
Meeting, the Vice-Presidents being Profs. Cecchi and Neucci, 
and the Secretary, Sig. Giovannetti; the Committee then 
divided into two Sections, one for scientific purposes, the other 
for practical and executive purposes. 
Tue Norwegian Government have contributed a sum of about 
200/. for the prosecution of various researches during the summer, 
amongst which may be mentioned the zoological studies of Prof, 
R. Collett in East Finmarken ; the entomological, malacological, 
and hydrographical studies of Dr. Schneider in the province of 
Tromsé ; the researches of Dr. Johannsen on the appearance of 
struma in the vicinity of the lake Mjdsen; and the algological 
studies of Herr Foslie on the south coast of Norway. A sum of 
350/. has also been granted to the Society of Science at Chris- 
tiania, as well as the usual annual grant to Dr. Sophus Tromholt 
for the prosecution of his studies of the aurora borealis. 
